Table 2.1.17 - BMBF's Data Portal

Table 2.1.17

Expenditure by educational institutions per pupil/student in equivalent US dollars converted using purchasing power parities, by levels of education and state
¹⁾
		ISCED 1: Primary	ISCED 2: Lower secondary	ISCED 3: Upper secondary	ISCED 2 / 3: All secondary	ISCED 4: Post-secondary non-tertiary	ISCED 5: Short-cycle tertiary	ISCED 6 to 8: Bachelor's, master's and doctorate degrees or equivalent	ISCED 5 to 8: All tertiary	ISCED 1 to 8: Primary to tertiary²⁾
Country	Year	US dollar
Australia	2012	7,705	10,574	9,581	10,165	6,379	8,267	18,795	16,859	10,347
	2013	8,289	11,431	10,203	10,932	6,631	10,008	19,916	18,337	11,169
	2014	8,251	11,698	10,082	11,023	5,963	9,299	19,772	18,038	11,149
	2015	9,546	12,466	12,028	12,303	9,343	21,290	20,122	20,344	12,829
	2016	10,013	12,684	10,199	11,651	4,778	7,200	20,650	16,170	11,867
	2017	10,238	13,181	11,825	12,640	8,504	10,943	23,261	20,436	13,272
	2018	10,745	14,214	14,071	14,162	9,752	10,304	22,806	20,647	14,053
	2019	11,340	14,494	13,487	14,120	8,451	10,199	23,035	20,625	14,278
	2020	12,673	15,714	14,947	15,437	10,167	11,980	24,325	22,204	15,620
	2021	12,191	16,808	15,942	16,498	9,486	11,834	27,941	24,837	16,285
Belgium	2012	9,581	11,670	12,210	12,025	y	8,212	15,785	15,503	12,135
	2013	9,957	12,267	13,020	12,763	y	9,366	16,148	15,911	12,407
	2014	10,216	12,649	13,363	13,118	y	11,901	16,780	16,599	12,796
	2015	10,211	12,538	13,352	13,070	y	11,577	17,538	17,320	12,900
	2016	10,646	13,409	13,704	13,603	y	12,833	18,366	18,169	13,446
	2017	11,106	14,524	14,606	14,578	y	12,965	19,649	19,422	14,287
	2018	11,482	14,760	14,758	14,758	y	13,815	20,696	20,471	14,702
	2019	11,720	15,005	15,007	15,007	y	14,328	21,316	21,082	15,024
	2020	12,813	16,635	16,543	16,576	y	13,659	22,917	22,555	16,429
	2021	13,987	17,811	17,371	17,525	y	16,749	23,311	23,027	17,410
Chile³⁾	2012	4,476	4,312	3,706	3,909	a	4,186	9,409	7,960	5,235
	2013	4,021	4,099	4,141	4,127	a	4,079	9,084	7,642	5,092
	2014	4,321	4,737	4,349	4,478	a	3,989	8,186	6,952	5,135
	2015	5,064	4,974	4,909	4,930	a	4,103	10,164	8,406	5,986
	2016	5,371	5,556	5,142	5,278	a	4,928	11,683	9,769	6,613
	2017	5,259	5,440	5,033	5,167	a	4,821	11,503	9,610	6,487
	2018	6,425	6,524	6,171	6,287	a	4,938	10,296	8,813	7,070
	2019	6,018	6,509	5,749	5,997	a	5,412	12,058	10,253	7,239
	2020	5,917	6,153	5,720	5,868	a	5,296	12,252	10,458	7,184
	2021	6,347	6,957	5,721	6,143	a	5,358	12,463	10,718	7,544
Costa Rica³⁾	2012	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2013	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2014	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2015	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2016	m	m	m	m	a	m	m	m	m
	2017	m	m	m	m	a	m	m	m	m
	2018	m	m	m	m	a	m	m	m	m
	2019	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	13,776	m
	2021	m	m	m	m	a	y	y	15,868	m
Denmark	2012	10,953	11,460	9,959	10,632	a	m	m	m	m
	2013	11,355	11,906	10,165	10,933	a	y	y	16,460	12,294
	2014	12,158	11,792	10,526	10,998	a	y	y	16,568	12,785
	2015	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2016	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2017	13,278	13,127	9,526	11,164	a	17,623	18,116	18,062	13,499
	2018	12,292	11,651	10,242	10,892	a	20,145	19,628	19,684	13,396
	2019	12,273	14,924	10,584	12,594	a	22,127	21,602	21,658	14,547
	2020	14,273	17,402	11,344	14,125	a	13,681	24,608	23,432	16,312
	2021	15,598	19,110	11,684	15,067	a	15,376	28,188	26,781	17,964
Germany⁴⁾	2012	7,749	9,521	12,599	10,650	10,041	8,265	17,159	17,157	11,363
	2013	8,103	9,967	13,093	11,106	10,465	9,626	16,896	16,895	11,545
	2014	8,546	10,554	13,615	11,684	10,646	10,107	17,181	17,180	12,063
	2015	8,619	10,680	13,652	11,791	10,736	10,149	17,036	17,036	12,139
	2016	8,960	11,159	14,094	12,268	11,211	10,783	17,429	17,429	12,583
	2017	9,572	11,975	15,466	13,283	12,403	11,284	18,487	18,486	13,529
	2018	10,096	12,561	16,253	13,926	12,791	12,112	19,324	19,324	14,178
	2019	10,622	13,096	16,624	14,390	12,938	7,459	19,636	19,608	14,632
	2020	11,587	14,197	18,098	15,614	13,788	7,981	20,788	20,760	15,767
	2021	12,829	15,312	20,216	17,077	15,801	8,447	21,995	21,963	17,161
Estonia	2012	5,668	6,524	7,013	6,791	7,478	a	8,206	8,206	6,878
	2013	7,138	7,009	5,909	6,417	7,039	a	11,607	11,607	8,107
	2014	6,760	7,272	6,900	7,077	8,014	a	12,375	12,375	8,389
	2015	6,327	6,614	7,090	6,861	7,929	a	12,867	12,867	8,133
	2016	6,872	7,047	6,742	6,887	7,719	a	12,909	12,909	8,243
	2017	7,481	7,622	7,208	7,404	8,053	a	14,580	14,580	8,946
	2018	8,362	8,571	8,446	8,506	9,833	a	17,433	17,433	10,277
	2019	9,384	9,684	7,314	8,462	11,067	a	16,752	16,752	10,522
	2020	10,309	10,563	6,584	8,522	9,686	a	17,930	17,930	11,088
	2021	10,642	11,443	7,275	9,314	10,601	a	18,967	18,967	11,708
Finland	2012	8,316	12,909	8,599	9,985	y	a	17,863	17,863	11,030
	2013	8,519	13,312	8,786	10,237	y	a	17,868	17,868	11,221
	2014	8,812	13,865	8,759	10,387	y	a	17,893	17,893	11,381
	2015	9,305	14,682	8,543	10,482	y	a	17,591	17,591	11,518
	2016	9,447	15,041	8,315	10,427	y	a	17,541	17,541	11,531
	2017	9,633	15,400	8,180	10,454	y	a	17,730	17,730	11,637
	2018	10,056	16,046	8,639	11,061	y	a	18,170	18,170	12,160
	2019	10,576	16,869	9,292	11,894	y	a	18,129	18,129	12,732
	2020	11,212	17,726	10,238	12,849	y	a	19,583	19,583	13,705
	2021	12,067	19,003	11,300	13,961	y	a	20,444	20,444	14,723
France	2012	7,013	9,588	13,070	11,046	m	12,346	16,279	15,281	10,450
	2013	7,201	9,947	13,643	11,482	9,549	13,784	16,998	16,194	10,907
	2014	7,396	10,309	13,927	11,815	9,736	14,122	17,178	16,422	11,184
	2015	7,395	10,268	13,799	11,747	9,286	14,093	16,805	16,145	11,106
	2016	7,603	10,599	14,132	12,100	9,389	14,502	16,697	16,173	11,364
	2017	8,319	11,252	14,743	12,748	9,897	15,359	17,442	16,952	12,080
	2018	8,724	11,438	15,107	13,006	11,021	15,706	17,940	17,420	12,464
	2019	9,312	11,825	15,725	13,475	11,720	15,922	18,808	18,136	13,049
	2020	9,673	12,139	16,266	13,874	11,787	17,468	19,315	18,880	13,545
	2021	10,554	13,228	17,698	15,112	12,634	20,114	20,565	20,458	14,803
Greece³⁾	2012	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2013	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2014	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2015	5,810	7,099	6,490	6,786	m	a	4,095	4,095	5,470
	2016	5,973	6,859	6,704	6,779	m	a	m	m	m
	2017	6,085	6,951	6,638	6,789	m	a	3,294	3,294	m
	2018	6,768	7,751	6,517	7,109	m	a	3,503	3,503	5,656
	2019	7,279	7,179	6,296	6,728	m	a	4,192	4,192	5,992
	2020	7,467	7,364	6,458	6,901	m	a	4,300	4,300	6,146
	2021	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
Ireland⁵⁾	2012	8,681	11,087	11,564	11,298	12,856	y	y	14,922	10,740
	2013	8,002	10,773	10,840	10,804	12,630	y	y	13,663	10,065
	2014	8,007	10,518	10,837	10,665	11,359	y	y	14,131	10,030
	2015	8,288	9,983	10,259	10,111	m	y	y	13,229	9,439
	2016	8,468	9,814	10,094	9,948	7,771	y	y	13,237	9,736
	2017	8,215	10,054	8,890	9,445	35,312	y	y	16,794	10,489
	2018	8,539	11,097	10,183	10,634	33,132	y	y	17,152	11,178
	2019	8,687	10,634	10,145	10,383	39,283	y	y	16,997	11,158
	2020	9,589	11,880	10,891	11,379	37,694	y	y	17,400	12,194
	2021	10,959	13,186	11,598	12,390	30,714	y	y	16,700	13,059
Iceland	2012	10,003	10,706	7,541	8,724	11,140	9,665	9,373	9,377	10,287
	2013	10,569	11,276	7,743	9,041	13,029	8,494	11,314	11,256	10,067
	2014	11,163	12,359	8,631	10,078	12,336	9,388	11,476	11,435	10,782
	2015	11,215	12,872	10,023	11,149	13,860	8,918	12,754	12,671	11,499
	2016	11,757	13,501	10,360	11,578	15,653	10,015	14,688	14,551	12,250
	2017	13,333	15,620	11,503	13,122	15,532	9,682	16,497	16,270	13,819
	2018	14,414	17,133	13,003	14,735	16,445	15,675	15,675	15,675	14,803
	2019	14,304	16,502	14,004	15,091	19,130	16,610	16,610	16,610	15,107
	2020	15,206	17,077	13,822	15,242	18,191	16,128	16,128	16,128	15,444
	2021	16,786	18,513	14,177	16,068	18,163	17,019	17,019	17,019	16,581
Israel	2012	6,931	y	y	5,689	2,326	6,366	13,777	12,338	7,903
	2013	6,941	y	5,831	5,831	2,672	5,904	17,446	15,185	7,840
	2014	6,833	y	6,699	6,699	2,380	4,669	14,924	12,989	7,758
	2015	7,971	y	7,987	7,987	m	5,267	13,865	11,003	m
	2016	8,498	y	8,330	8,330	1,186	5,231	14,132	11,153	8,891
	2017	9,155	y	9,079	9,079	1,205	5,584	15,795	12,310	9,671
	2018	9,696	y	9,555	9,555	1,068	5,735	15,786	12,336	10,082
	2019	9,452	y	9,410	9,410	721	5,893	16,127	12,683	9,972
	2020	10,182	y	9,562	9,562	523	5,571	15,617	12,314	10,279
	2021	11,327	y	10,464	10,464	644	6,400	14,900	12,239	11,111
Italy⁵⁾	2012	7,924	8,905	8,684	8,774	m	m	10,071	10,071	8,744
	2013	8,392	8,797	9,174	9,023	m	7,962	11,177	11,172	9,238
	2014	8,442	9,033	8,859	8,927	m	5,771	11,527	11,510	9,317
	2015	8,426	9,258	8,969	9,079	m	4,120	11,285	11,257	9,308
	2016	7,991	8,893	9,377	9,193	y	6,318	11,616	11,589	9,298
	2017	9,160	10,073	10,883	10,574	y	4,240	12,277	12,226	10,473
	2018	9,947	10,515	12,849	11,962	y	5,989	12,353	12,305	11,428
	2019	10,570	10,623	10,519	10,558	y	4,472	12,248	12,177	10,902
	2020	12,008	9,760	11,059	10,569	y	4,697	12,746	12,663	11,439
	2021	13,799	10,965	12,201	11,739	y	4,633	13,825	13,717	12,760
Japan	2012	8,595	9,976	10,360	10,170	y	10,532	18,557	16,872	11,671
	2013	8,748	10,084	10,459	10,273	y	11,339	19,641	17,883	11,309
	2014	9,062	10,422	11,047	10,739	y	11,297	19,836	18,022	11,654
	2015	9,105	10,562	11,715	11,147	y	13,806	20,758	19,289	12,120
	2016	8,978	10,546	11,863	11,219	y	14,124	20,537	19,191	12,096
	2017	8,824	10,511	11,510	11,024	y	13,617	20,209	18,839	11,896
	2018	8,977	10,786	11,838	11,330	y	14,102	20,657	19,309	12,194
	2019	9,379	11,083	11,878	11,493	y	13,944	20,944	19,504	12,474
	2020	10,057	11,618	12,458	12,047	y	13,974	21,153	19,676	13,006
	2021	9,928	11,585	13,292	12,444	y	14,572	22,050	20,518	13,323
Canada³⁾⁵⁾⁶⁾	2012	9,680	y	11,695	m	m	15,348	25,525	22,006	m
	2013	9,130	y	12,086	m	m	14,764	25,083	21,458	12,967
	2014	9,256	y	12,780	12,780	m	14,377	25,185	21,326	13,235
	2015	9,249	y	12,900	12,900	y	m	m	m	m
	2016	9,207	y	13,856	13,856	m	18,228	26,606	23,700	13,682
	2017	10,238	y	13,891	13,891	m	18,820	27,948	24,671	14,428
	2018	10,629	y	14,575	14,575	m	18,669	27,983	24,496	14,905
	2019	10,570	y	14,564	14,564	m	16,881	25,765	22,335	14,391
	2020	11,533	y	14,520	14,520	m	16,632	28,707	24,363	15,443
	2021	12,229	y	15,208	m	m	18,716	27,596	24,406	15,974
Colombia³⁾	2012	2,645	2,651	2,742	2,677	y	y	y	5,183	3,291
	2013	2,074	2,728	3,117	2,835	a	3,318	7,879	6,391	3,165
	2014	2,490	3,093	2,976	3,060	a	y	y	5,126	3,245
	2015	3,178	2,909	2,586	2,817	y	y	y	6,369	3,683
	2016	3,323	3,091	3,001	3,066	y	y	y	5,787	3,661
	2017	3,494	4,468	3,436	4,177	m	y	y	2,335	3,538
	2018	3,158	3,250	3,334	3,274	m	y	y	2,863	3,145
	2019	3,729	3,708	3,836	3,744	m	y	y	4,601	3,916
	2020	4,364	4,335	4,357	4,341	m	y	y	4,981	4,481
	2021	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
Latvia	2012	3,489	3,515	3,685	3,610	4,153	5,091	5,290	5,262	3,983
	2013	5,974	6,016	6,005	6,010	6,135	8,814	8,088	8,193	6,526
	2014	6,585	6,587	6,665	6,629	8,357	9,146	8,931	8,962	7,190
	2015	6,672	6,723	7,123	6,930	8,235	10,693	10,046	10,137	7,595
	2016	6,453	6,504	7,006	6,761	7,816	9,322	7,143	7,449	6,814
	2017	6,379	6,492	7,680	7,102	8,585	8,141	8,381	8,346	7,121
	2018	6,611	6,669	8,206	7,455	10,199	8,897	10,551	10,309	7,795
	2019	6,865	6,986	8,770	7,889	10,873	9,598	12,599	12,186	8,461
	2020	7,142	7,157	9,460	8,302	11,433	12,543	13,121	13,043	8,907
	2021	7,248	7,394	9,737	8,536	11,807	12,950	13,692	13,591	9,151
Lithuania	2012	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2013	5,079	4,596	5,345	4,826	9,609	a	8,697	8,697	6,027
	2014	5,179	5,017	5,631	5,205	7,306	a	10,021	10,021	6,508
	2015	5,500	5,135	5,310	5,188	5,483	a	9,657	9,657	6,393
	2016	6,053	5,651	5,657	5,653	5,593	a	7,701	7,701	6,245
	2017	6,340	5,994	6,002	5,997	5,857	a	8,428	8,428	6,652
	2018	6,456	6,495	6,539	6,508	7,785	a	9,905	9,905	7,336
	2019	7,095	7,079	7,622	7,227	9,800	a	11,039	11,039	8,135
	2020	8,173	8,128	9,260	8,426	12,535	a	13,629	13,629	9,622
	2021	8,716	8,702	10,128	9,074	15,377	a	14,231	14,231	10,259
Luxembourg⁵⁾⁷⁾	2012	20,020	20,247	20,962	20,617	1,257	3,749	34,739	32,876	22,545
	2013	17,959	20,076	19,473	19,762	1,403	22,173	42,435	40,933	21,320
	2014	21,153	21,499	21,682	21,595	1,364	24,855	48,756	46,526	24,045
	2015	20,892	21,124	19,808	20,413	1,588	24,769	51,625	48,907	22,430
	2016	17,913	21,739	21,231	21,464	1,760	23,098	51,918	48,407	21,705
	2017	19,690	23,073	22,427	22,724	1,951	27,920	55,433	52,089	23,324
	2018	21,143	25,985	24,933	25,421	2,045	3,126	54,325	47,694	24,973
	2019	22,203	25,141	24,381	24,736	3,238	6,602	58,665	51,978	25,433
	2020	22,990	27,112	26,182	26,617	3,607	7,420	60,279	53,421	26,833
	2021	25,584	30,775	29,200	29,940	4,908	10,043	67,496	60,264	30,115
Mexico	2012	2,632	2,367	4,160	3,007	a	y	y	8,115	3,509
	2013	2,717	2,473	4,126	3,065	a	y	y	7,568	3,387
	2014	2,896	2,579	4,360	3,219	a	y	y	8,949	3,703
	2015	2,874	2,514	4,224	3,129	a	y	y	8,170	3,611
	2016	2,961	2,561	4,187	3,167	a	y	y	7,347	3,632
	2017	2,782	2,438	3,418	2,823	a	y	y	6,586	3,320
	2018	2,958	2,496	3,454	2,878	a	y	y	7,907	3,619
	2019	2,977	2,546	3,406	2,890	a	y	y	7,341	3,577
	2020	2,750	2,411	3,296	2,770	a	y	y	5,887	3,239
	2021	2,933	2,656	3,829	3,130	a	y	y	6,093	3,513
New Zealand	2012	7,069	8,644	10,262	9,409	9,542	10,289	14,543	13,740	9,443
	2013	7,354	9,191	11,328	10,198	9,852	10,960	15,419	14,585	10,045
	2014	7,438	9,448	11,195	10,267	10,019	10,312	16,219	15,088	10,205
	2015	7,849	9,409	11,509	10,383	9,990	11,494	16,015	15,166	10,392
	2016	8,287	9,362	11,765	10,467	9,885	10,557	15,956	14,933	10,530
	2017	8,533	10,059	12,401	11,117	10,059	11,279	17,096	16,068	11,098
	2018	8,868	10,584	11,763	11,138	6,819	11,874	18,966	17,923	11,335
	2019	7,578	8,521	10,289	9,336	6,721	10,881	19,988	18,641	10,230
	2020	8,438	9,286	11,425	10,223	8,067	12,053	20,747	19,567	11,119
	2021	8,967	9,750	11,630	10,574	9,253	11,113	19,300	18,082	11,264
Netherlands	2012	8,185	12,227	12,368	12,296	11,554	11,580	19,305	19,276	12,211
	2013	8,371	12,334	12,200	12,269	11,016	11,381	18,987	18,947	12,247
	2014	8,529	12,404	12,491	12,446	11,313	11,477	19,188	19,159	12,495
	2015	8,478	12,491	13,241	12,850	12,655	10,543	19,323	19,286	12,730
	2016	8,609	12,831	13,196	13,006	a	10,815	19,552	19,513	12,926
	2017	9,301	13,527	14,274	13,889	a	11,467	20,493	20,445	13,809
	2018	9,891	14,249	15,222	14,726	a	12,072	20,971	20,898	14,518
	2019	10,150	14,438	15,372	14,902	a	11,993	20,997	20,889	14,720
	2020	11,188	15,364	16,324	15,848	a	12,485	21,779	21,642	15,714
	2021	12,817	17,651	18,159	17,909	a	14,462	24,026	23,864	17,747
Norway	2012	12,728	13,373	15,248	14,450	y	y	20,016	20,016	15,497
	2013	13,274	14,103	16,153	15,283	y	y	20,379	20,379	15,466
	2014	13,104	13,975	16,047	15,149	15,979	12,813	21,262	20,962	15,510
	2015	13,275	14,486	16,095	15,401	16,962	16,399	21,129	20,973	15,705
	2016	12,619	13,532	15,901	14,860	17,381	17,361	22,135	21,993	15,459
	2017	13,906	13,906	17,191	15,735	21,168	20,615	23,522	23,439	16,644
	2018	15,410	15,410	17,265	16,441	25,734	22,800	25,506	25,428	17,949
	2019	15,334	15,334	16,884	16,192	26,202	22,794	25,085	25,019	17,757
	2020	15,631	15,631	18,527	17,229	24,488	21,086	24,474	24,374	18,207
	2021	18,037	18,037	21,286	19,831	25,293	22,302	26,432	26,299	20,642
Austria	2012	9,563	13,632	14,013	13,806	5,212	15,071	15,641	15,549	13,189
	2013	10,780	14,831	15,255	15,024	5,322	16,453	16,742	16,695	14,361
	2014	11,154	15,106	15,079	15,094	4,817	16,275	17,061	16,933	14,549
	2015	11,689	15,514	15,432	15,477	4,876	16,700	17,718	17,555	15,043
	2016	12,299	16,282	16,351	16,313	5,436	17,837	18,424	18,332	15,806
	2017	12,754	16,794	16,593	16,705	5,700	18,457	19,206	19,089	16,319
	2018	13,151	16,621	16,907	16,747	5,571	19,066	20,704	20,452	16,837
	2019	13,299	16,594	17,248	16,883	5,164	19,534	21,653	21,329	17,167
	2020	14,029	17,307	17,695	17,478	4,626	18,947	22,251	21,753	17,744
	2021	15,415	18,815	19,344	19,049	4,241	20,953	24,773	24,206	19,542
Poland⁵⁾⁸⁾	2012	6,721	6,682	6,419	6,540	m	8,229	9,811	9,799	7,398
	2013	6,919	6,900	6,178	6,505	4,699	11,800	8,918	8,929	7,195
	2014	7,026	7,058	5,949	6,455	3,950	14,012	9,697	9,708	7,374
	2015	6,757	6,985	6,655	6,806	4,424	16,373	9,678	9,687	7,400
	2016	6,808	7,136	7,114	7,124	3,964	24,012	8,974	8,977	7,356
	2017	7,806	7,286	7,838	7,577	3,742	27,938	10,041	10,044	8,144
	2018	8,562	8,374	8,078	8,220	6,317	26,705	11,189	11,192	8,963
	2019	8,949	8,856	8,519	8,689	5,695	12,463	12,912	12,912	9,611
	2020	11,872	8,696	8,251	8,485	5,841	7,474	14,490	14,488	10,447
	2021	12,661	10,834	8,903	9,887	5,702	3,999	16,111	16,104	11,729
Portugal⁵⁾	2012	6,105	8,524	8,888	8,691	y	a	9,196	9,196	7,952
	2013	7,258	9,667	10,503	10,074	y	a	11,106	11,106	9,218
	2014	6,474	8,634	9,015	8,821	y	a	11,813	11,813	8,516
	2015	7,380	9,568	9,469	9,518	y	y	y	11,766	9,153
	2016	7,689	10,382	9,628	9,999	y	8,954	11,064	11,014	9,346
	2017	8,766	10,993	10,463	10,721	y	7,451	11,941	11,788	10,220
	2018	8,812	11,354	10,670	11,001	y	6,602	11,987	11,779	10,371
	2019	8,992	11,347	10,991	11,162	y	5,850	12,135	11,858	10,535
	2020	9,340	11,715	11,032	11,358	y	5,660	12,414	12,104	10,816
	2021	10,469	13,066	12,016	12,511	y	5,637	12,572	12,252	11,752
Sweden	2012	10,312	10,966	11,329	11,177	3,610	5,897	24,025	22,534	12,742
	2013	10,664	11,306	11,389	11,354	4,117	6,478	24,818	23,219	13,072
	2014	10,804	11,411	11,291	11,342	4,313	6,590	25,554	24,072	13,219
	2015	10,853	11,493	11,331	11,402	5,102	6,777	25,889	24,417	13,289
	2016	11,338	12,020	11,790	11,892	5,717	6,723	25,766	24,341	13,693
	2017	12,189	12,894	12,427	12,634	5,883	6,874	27,167	25,584	14,505
	2018	12,911	13,358	13,616	13,500	7,857	7,111	27,886	26,147	15,290
	2019	13,234	13,158	13,437	13,311	7,356	6,857	28,039	26,046	15,337
	2020	13,997	13,857	13,939	13,902	8,263	7,011	28,443	26,215	15,994
	2021	15,037	14,869	14,770	14,814	8,983	6,772	30,395	27,765	17,107
Switzerland³⁾⁵⁾	2012	13,889	16,370	17,024	16,731	y	y	y	25,264	17,485
	2013	15,930	19,698	18,479	18,994	y	y	25,126	25,126	19,052
	2014	15,177	19,483	11,671	15,022	y	y	27,831	27,831	17,436
	2015	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2016	m	m	18,990	m	y	m	m	m	m
	2017	m	m	18,966	m	y	m	m	m	m
	2018	m	m	18,932	m	y	m	m	m	m
	2019	m	m	18,929	m	y	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	19,973	m	y	m	m	m	m
	2021	m	m	21,610	m	y	m	m	m	m
Slovakia⁵⁾	2012	5,415	5,283	5,027	5,152	y	y	9,022	9,022	6,072
	2013	5,942	5,755	5,839	5,795	6,453	6,254	10,370	10,321	6,735
	2014	6,235	6,308	6,618	6,453	7,590	8,118	11,346	11,290	7,279
	2015	6,877	6,282	7,092	6,660	7,774	8,263	15,998	15,874	8,477
	2016	6,922	6,426	6,698	6,551	7,377	6,827	11,493	11,413	7,530
	2017	6,836	6,121	7,370	6,652	6,383	8,345	11,776	11,715	7,562
	2018	7,305	6,562	7,307	6,873	7,269	8,844	12,172	12,113	7,854
	2019	7,972	7,082	8,003	7,458	9,895	9,256	12,807	12,749	8,478
	2020	8,853	7,949	9,436	8,546	10,751	10,880	14,694	14,637	9,626
	2021	10,223	8,693	10,856	9,555	10,743	10,932	17,208	17,114	10,963
Slovenia	2012	9,015	9,802	6,898	8,022	y	6,874	11,615	11,002	9,031
	2013	9,121	10,085	7,872	8,739	a	4,092	13,360	12,064	9,597
	2014	9,335	10,432	7,716	8,785	a	3,943	13,326	12,067	9,698
	2015	8,542	9,925	7,230	8,290	a	3,129	11,140	10,208	8,778
	2016	8,621	10,481	7,236	8,487	a	2,707	12,507	11,257	9,080
	2017	9,062	11,336	8,110	9,370	a	3,757	14,100	12,787	9,897
	2018	9,385	11,941	8,337	9,772	a	4,487	15,429	14,060	10,395
	2019	9,562	12,037	8,853	10,160	a	4,360	16,815	15,267	10,829
	2020	10,714	11,398	9,752	10,450	a	7,769	19,166	17,795	11,878
	2021	12,170	13,000	10,928	11,831	a	8,907	19,776	18,533	13,205
Spain	2012	7,111	9,137	9,145	9,141	y	9,394	13,040	12,356	9,040
	2013	6,956	8,303	8,729	8,520	y	9,085	13,511	12,604	8,755
	2014	6,970	8,347	8,704	8,528	y	8,784	13,464	12,489	8,752
	2015	7,320	8,765	9,269	9,020	y	9,088	13,487	12,605	9,130
	2016	7,653	9,056	9,946	9,502	y	9,339	13,422	12,614	9,464
	2017	8,161	9,567	10,711	10,134	y	9,795	14,387	13,446	10,105
	2018	8,329	9,667	10,928	10,290	y	9,903	14,828	13,800	10,321
	2019	8,580	10,093	11,334	10,706	y	10,368	15,278	14,237	10,694
	2020	9,077	10,658	11,668	11,159	y	10,770	15,354	14,361	11,123
	2021	10,181	12,043	13,041	12,541	y	11,771	16,751	15,654	12,426
South Korea	2012	7,395	7,008	9,651	8,355	a	5,540	11,173	9,866	9,569
	2013	7,957	7,324	9,801	8,592	m	5,370	10,491	9,323	8,658
	2014	9,656	8,932	11,610	10,316	a	5,432	10,765	9,570	9,873
	2015	11,047	11,025	13,247	12,202	a	5,817	11,310	10,109	11,143
	2016	11,029	11,477	13,113	12,370	a	5,770	11,781	10,486	11,318
	2017	11,702	12,597	14,394	13,579	a	5,791	11,948	10,633	11,981
	2018	12,535	13,775	16,024	14,978	a	6,016	12,685	11,290	12,914
	2019	13,341	15,216	18,790	17,078	a	6,468	12,541	11,287	13,819
	2020	13,278	14,805	19,239	17,038	a	6,776	13,601	12,225	14,113
	2021	14,873	16,337	22,383	19,299	a	7,304	15,059	13,573	15,858
Czech Republic	2012	4,728	7,902	7,119	7,469	2,445	16,645	10,304	10,319	7,684
	2013	4,730	8,061	7,682	7,861	2,221	16,478	10,417	10,432	7,493
	2014	5,101	8,507	7,905	8,191	2,428	17,292	10,504	10,521	7,751
	2015	5,207	8,714	8,251	8,476	2,399	18,635	10,870	10,891	7,919
	2016	5,104	8,598	8,257	8,425	2,759	16,908	9,990	10,009	7,612
	2017	5,971	10,081	9,246	9,666	2,763	18,866	11,462	11,484	8,732
	2018	6,614	11,277	11,101	11,191	2,427	23,186	16,126	16,148	10,523
	2019	7,520	12,856	11,810	12,357	2,385	26,489	17,382	17,411	11,605
	2020	8,466	12,760	12,374	12,579	2,221	31,028	16,190	16,237	11,846
	2021	8,838	15,060	13,144	14,160	2,342	30,527	18,034	18,074	13,136
Turkey	2012	2,577	2,448	3,524	2,904	a	y	y	7,779	3,514
	2013	2,894	3,337	3,914	3,590	a	y	y	10,637	4,482
	2014	3,589	2,953	3,570	3,268	a	y	y	8,927	4,259
	2015	4,134	3,491	3,528	3,511	a	y	y	8,901	4,652
	2016	4,168	4,063	5,213	4,659	a	y	y	10,519	5,633
	2017	4,002	3,912	5,776	4,859	a	y	y	9,708	5,586
	2018	3,945	4,064	6,043	5,058	a	y	y	10,008	5,723
	2019	4,400	4,330	5,894	5,110	a	y	y	9,455	5,743
	2020	4,108	4,037	5,109	4,603	a	y	y	9,288	5,352
	2021	4,038	4,194	4,401	4,305	a	y	y	10,657	5,425
Hungary	2012	4,370	4,459	4,386	4,419	3,698	2,897	9,658	8,876	5,564
	2013	5,435	3,994	4,439	4,236	4,154	7,795	10,221	9,980	5,591
	2014	3,789	3,915	8,033	6,104	9,855	6,187	8,831	8,688	6,126
	2015	5,089	4,711	6,966	5,870	12,301	4,102	8,952	8,761	6,346
	2016	5,454	5,788	8,508	7,174	12,605	7,206	11,470	11,288	7,639
	2017	5,491	5,259	8,465	6,867	13,642	4,675	13,256	12,878	7,797
	2018	5,784	5,561	9,098	7,319	13,821	5,058	14,117	13,738	8,255
	2019	8,262	7,293	8,373	7,827	10,051	2,726	12,492	12,107	8,738
	2020	7,928	7,155	8,409	7,772	10,269	2,914	12,477	12,098	8,612
	2021	8,154	7,515	8,455	7,981	9,218	15,079	23,945	23,591	10,782
United Kingdom	2012	10,017	10,271	9,963	10,085	a	y	y	24,338	12,084
	2013	10,669	13,092	11,627	12,200	a	y	y	25,744	13,613
	2014	11,367	12,478	12,435	12,452	a	y	y	24,542	13,906
	2015	11,630	10,249	10,798	10,569	a	8,421	27,931	26,320	13,355
	2016	11,188	10,921	10,992	10,963	a	23,769	23,772	23,771	13,038
	2017	11,604	11,749	11,480	11,592	a	19,093	29,131	28,144	14,209
	2018	11,679	12,199	13,247	12,765	a	29,173	29,969	29,911	15,212
	2019	11,936	12,329	13,657	13,041	a	28,667	29,766	29,688	15,453
	2020	12,513	12,716	14,539	13,695	a	29,292	29,552	29,534	16,052
	2021	13,797	13,655	15,531	14,664	a	30,044	33,822	33,574	17,706
United States	2012	11,030	11,856	13,059	12,442	y	y	y	26,562	15,494
	2013	10,959	11,947	13,587	12,740	y	y	y	27,924	15,720
	2014	11,319	12,261	13,776	12,995	15,086	y	y	29,328	16,268
	2015	11,727	12,693	13,474	13,084	14,294	y	y	30,003	16,518
	2016	12,184	13,153	14,566	13,845	14,496	y	y	30,165	16,987
	2017	12,592	13,654	15,202	14,411	15,908	y	y	33,063	17,993
	2018	13,139	14,138	15,609	14,859	15,834	y	y	34,036	18,593
	2019	13,780	14,798	16,311	15,538	16,021	y	y	35,347	19,382
	2020	14,321	15,302	16,775	16,018	15,774	y	y	36,172	19,973
	2021	15,270	15,934	16,683	16,301	15,332	y	y	36,274	20,387
OECD average⁹⁾	2012	8,247	9,627	9,876	9,518	6,734	8,968	15,111	15,028	10,220
	2013	8,477	9,980	9,990	9,811	6,905	10,107	16,199	15,772	10,493
	2014	8,733	10,235	10,182	10,106	8,184	10,423	16,674	16,143	10,759
	2015	8,631	9,941	10,196	10,010	8,927	11,022	16,518	15,656	10,520
	2016	8,470	9,884	10,368	9,968	m	11,745	16,756	15,556	10,502
	2017	9,090	10,527	10,888	10,547	m	12,422	17,566	16,327	11,231
	2018	9,550	11,091	11,590	11,192	m	12,671	18,373	17,065	11,680
	2019	9,923	11,417	11,711	11,400	m	12,154	18,949	17,559	11,990
	2020	10,658	11,941	12,312	11,942	m	12,266	19,775	18,105	12,647
	2021	11,902	13,528	13,719	13,324	m	13,408	22,096	20,499	14,209
EU average¹⁰⁾	2012	8,372	10,040	10,011	9,931	6,461	9,097	14,807	14,955	10,361
	2013	8,545	10,210	10,087	10,053	6,554	10,769	15,537	15,664	10,548
	2014	8,803	10,413	10,494	10,360	7,211	11,239	16,189	16,164	10,897
	2015	8,656	10,175	10,230	10,105	m	11,090	16,835	15,998	10,555
	2016	8,548	10,302	10,308	10,205	m	12,468	16,388	15,863	10,688
	2017	9,269	10,963	10,836	10,786	m	13,014	17,126	16,688	11,515
	2018	9,601	11,477	11,543	11,404	10,005	11,931	17,583	16,986	11,767
	2019	10,141	11,945	11,646	11,673	m	11,200	18,357	17,670	12,195
	2020	10,337	12,111	11,664	11,696	10,855	11,317	18,571	17,578	12,275
	2021	11,478	13,631	12,947	13,225	11,300	12,785	21,307	20,027	13,787
Argentina	2012	m	m	m	m	a	m	m	m	m
	2013	3,729	5,266	5,608	5,399	a	m	m	m	m
	2014	3,356	4,663	4,985	4,790	a	y	y	5,085	4,240
	2015	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2016	m	m	m	m	a	m	m	m	m
	2017	m	m	m	m	a	m	m	m	m
	2018	m	m	m	m	a	m	m	m	m
	2019	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2021	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
Brazil⁵⁾	2012	3,095	2,981	3,078	3,020	a	y	y	10,455	3,441
	2013	3,826	3,802	3,852	3,822	a	y	y	13,540	4,318
	2014	3,799	3,814	3,870	3,837	a	y	y	11,666	5,610
	2015	3,762	3,789	3,986	3,872	y	y	y	14,261	4,451
	2016	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2017	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2018	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2019	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2021	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
China	2012	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2013	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2014	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2015	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2016	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2017	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2018	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2019	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2021	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
India	2012	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2013	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2014	m	m	m	m	m	a	m	m	m
	2015	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2016	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2017	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2018	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2019	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2021	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
Indonesia³⁾	2012	1,180	915	1,067	981	a	y	y	2,089	1,397
	2013	1,184	918	1,070	984	a	y	y	2,094	1,209
	2014	1,476	1,200	1,143	1,175	a	y	y	2,962	1,486
	2015	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2016	m	m	m	m	a	m	m	m	m
	2017	m	m	m	m	a	m	m	m	m
	2018	m	m	m	m	a	m	m	m	m
	2019	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2021	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
Russian Federation	2012	y	y	y	5,345	y	5,183	9,115	8,363	6,190
	2013	y	y	5,100	5,100	y	5,083	9,291	8,483	5,999
	2014	y	y	4,939	4,939	y	6,117	9,496	8,808	5,928
	2015	y	y	y	y	y	4,249	9,554	8,369	5,409
	2016	y	y	y	y	y	5,289	9,516	8,479	5,210
	2017	y	y	5,382	5,382	y	5,379	9,776	8,629	6,090
	2018	y	y	5,734	5,734	y	4,474	10,599	9,024	6,430
	2019	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2021	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
Saudi Arabia	2012	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2013	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2014	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2015	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2016	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2017	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2018	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2019	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2021	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
South Africa⁵⁾	2012	2,431	y	y	2,440	5,188	y	y	10,885	3,633
	2013	2,366	y	y	2,513	5,607	m	m	m	m
	2014	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2015	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2016	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2017	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2018	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2019	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2021	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m