| Education | Arts and humanities | Social sciences, journalism and information | Business, administration and law | Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics | Information and communication technologies | Engineering, manufacturing and construction | Agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary | Health and welfare | Services | ||
| State | Year | Share (%) | |||||||||
Australia | 2015 | 9 | 11 | 7 | 34 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 19 | 1 |
2016 | 9 | 11 | 7 | 34 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 18 | 2 | |
Belgium | 2015 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 21 | 4 | 1 | 12 | 2 | 27 | 1 |
2016 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 22 | 4 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 27 | 2 | |
Chile | 2015 | 15 | 4 | 4 | 23 | 1 | 3 | 16 | 2 | 21 | 11 |
2016 | 15 | 3 | 4 | 24 | 1 | 3 | 16 | 2 | 21 | 10 | |
Germany | 2015 | 10 | 12 | 7 | 23 | 10 | 5 | 22 | 2 | 7 | 3 |
2016 | 10 | 12 | 7 | 23 | 9 | 5 | 22 | 2 | 7 | 3 | |
Denmark | 2015 | 9 | 13 | 10 | 20 | 5 | 4 | 11 | 2 | 22 | 4 |
2016 | 6 | 13 | 11 | 25 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 1 | 20 | 3 | |
Estonia | 2015 | 8 | 12 | 9 | 25 | 7 | 5 | 14 | 2 | 12 | 6 |
2016 | 8 | 12 | 9 | 24 | 7 | 6 | 14 | 2 | 12 | 6 | |
Finland | 2015 | 7 | 13 | 7 | 18 | 5 | 7 | 17 | 2 | 19 | 5 |
2016 | 6 | 12 | 7 | 18 | 5 | 7 | 18 | 2 | 20 | 4 | |
France | 2015 | 3 | 9 | 8 | 34 | 7 | 3 | 15 | 2 | 16 | 3 |
2016 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 33 | 8 | 3 | 15 | 1 | 15 | 3 | |
Greece | 2015 | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m |
2016 | 7 | 13 | 12 | 21 | 8 | 3 | 17 | 2 | 12 | 4 | |
Ireland | 2015 | 8 | 13 | 7 | 24 | 8 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 17 | 5 |
2016 | 6 | 14 | 6 | 25 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 2 | 17 | 5 | |
Iceland | 2015 | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m |
2016 | 14 | 10 | 16 | 22 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 1 | 15 | 3 | |
Israel
1) | 2015 | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m |
2016 | 17 | 9 | 21 | 24 | 6 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 10 | 0 | |
Italy | 2015 | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m |
2016 | 4 | 18 | 14 | 21 | 8 | 1 | 16 | 3 | 15 | 0 | |
Japan | 2015 | 9 | 15 | 8 | 20 | 3 | y | 18 | 3 | 15 | 8 |
2016 | 10 | 15 | 8 | 20 | 3 | y | 18 | 3 | 16 | 8 | |
Canada | 2015 | 6 | 11 | 16 | 26 | 7 | 3 | 12 | 2 | 15 | 3 |
2016 | 8 | 10 | 16 | 26 | 7 | 3 | 12 | 2 | 14 | 2 | |
Korea | 2015 | 7 | 17 | 5 | 16 | 5 | 2 | 22 | 1 | 14 | 9 |
2016 | 7 | 17 | 6 | 16 | 5 | 2 | 22 | 1 | 14 | 9 | |
Latvia | 2015 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 32 | 4 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 14 | 8 |
2016 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 31 | 3 | 5 | 13 | 2 | 14 | 8 | |
Luxembourg | 2015 | 16 | 9 | 7 | 39 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
2016 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 40 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 2 | |
Mexico | 2015 | 12 | 4 | 9 | 34 | 3 | 2 | 23 | 2 | 10 | 1 |
2016 | 14 | 4 | 9 | 35 | 3 | 2 | 21 | 2 | 10 | 1 | |
New Zealand | 2015 | 10 | 12 | 9 | 25 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 2 | 15 | 5 |
2016 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 26 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 2 | 15 | 6 | |
Netherlands
2) | 2015 | 11 | 9 | 15 | 28 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 16 | 5 |
2016 | 10 | 9 | 15 | 29 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 16 | 5 | |
Norway | 2015 | 16 | 9 | 11 | 16 | 5 | 3 | 13 | 1 | 20 | 5 |
2016 | 17 | 8 | 11 | 16 | 5 | 3 | 13 | 1 | 21 | 6 | |
Austria | 2015 | 13 | 9 | 10 | 22 | 6 | 4 | 20 | 2 | 7 | 9 |
2016 | 12 | 7 | 11 | 22 | 6 | 4 | 21 | 2 | 7 | 8 | |
Poland | 2015 | 14 | 7 | 11 | 24 | 4 | 3 | 15 | 2 | 13 | 8 |
2016 | 14 | 7 | 10 | 24 | 4 | 3 | 16 | 1 | 13 | 7 | |
Portugal | 2015 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 19 | 6 | 1 | 21 | 2 | 19 | 6 |
2016 | 5 | 9 | 11 | 19 | 7 | 1 | 21 | 2 | 18 | 6 | |
Sweden | 2015 | 12 | 6 | 13 | 18 | 4 | 4 | 18 | 1 | 22 | 2 |
2016 | 12 | 6 | 13 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 18 | 1 | 22 | 2 | |
Switzerland | 2015 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 28 | 7 | 2 | 15 | 1 | 15 | 6 |
2016 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 29 | 7 | 2 | 16 | 2 | 15 | 5 | |
Slovak Republic | 2015 | 13 | 7 | 11 | 21 | 6 | 3 | 13 | 2 | 18 | 6 |
2016 | 13 | 7 | 12 | 20 | 6 | 3 | 12 | 2 | 18 | 6 | |
Slovenia | 2015 | 10 | 9 | 12 | 22 | 6 | 3 | 16 | 3 | 10 | 7 |
2016 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 23 | 5 | 3 | 17 | 3 | 8 | 7 | |
Spain | 2015 | 16 | 9 | 7 | 19 | 5 | 4 | 16 | 1 | 15 | 7 |
2016 | 17 | 9 | 7 | 19 | 5 | 4 | 15 | 1 | 16 | 7 | |
Czech Republic | 2015 | 11 | 8 | 11 | 23 | 5 | 4 | 16 | 3 | 11 | 7 |
2016 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 22 | 5 | 4 | 16 | 3 | 12 | 7 | |
Turkey | 2015 | 10 | 11 | 8 | 38 | 4 | 2 | 13 | 2 | 8 | 4 |
2016 | 10 | 11 | 8 | 35 | 3 | 2 | 14 | 2 | 10 | 5 | |
Hungary | 2015 | 16 | 10 | 10 | 25 | 4 | 2 | 16 | 3 | 8 | 5 |
2016 | 17 | 10 | 10 | 24 | 4 | 4 | 14 | 3 | 8 | 5 | |
United Kingdom | 2015 | 10 | 15 | 12 | 22 | 13 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 13 | 0 |
2016 | 9 | 15 | 12 | 22 | 14 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 13 | 0 | |
United States | 2015 | 7 | 20 | 12 | 20 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 17 | 7 |
2016 | 7 | 20 | 12 | 19 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 17 | 6 | |
OECD average
3) | 2015 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 24 | 6 | 4 | 14 | 2 | 15 | 5 |
2016 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 24 | 6 | 4 | 14 | 2 | 15 | 5 | |
EU22 average
3) | 2015 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 24 | 6 | 4 | 14 | 2 | 15 | 5 |
2016 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 24 | 6 | 4 | 15 | 2 | 14 | 5 | |
Argentina
4) | 2015 | 16 | 10 | 36 | y | 8 | y | 6 | 2 | 18 | 3 |
2016 | 21 | 13 | 7 | 17 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 21 | 4 | |
Brazil | 2015 | 20 | 3 | 4 | 37 | 3 | 3 | 10 | 2 | 14 | 4 |
2016 | 20 | 3 | 4 | 36 | 3 | 3 | 11 | 3 | 14 | 4 | |
China | 2015 | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m |
2016 | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | |
Costa Rica | 2015 | 22 | 3 | 5 | 39 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 16 | 1 |
2016 | 22 | 3 | 7 | 36 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 14 | 2 | |
India | 2015 | 9 | 6 | 33 | 17 | 13 | 7 | 11 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
2016 | 9 | 6 | 31 | 18 | 13 | 7 | 12 | 1 | 3 | 0 | |
Indonesia | 2015 | 28 | 3 | 12 | 16 | 3 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 18 | 0 |
2016 | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | |
Colombia | 2015 | 9 | 4 | 7 | 45 | 1 | 5 | 16 | 2 | 7 | 4 |
2016 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 46 | 1 | 5 | 17 | 2 | 7 | 3 | |
Lithuania | 2015 | 7 | 8 | 12 | 32 | 4 | 2 | 17 | 2 | 14 | 2 |
2016 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 30 | 4 | 2 | 18 | 2 | 14 | 2 | |
Russian Federation | 2015 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 38 | 2 | 5 | 22 | 2 | 6 | 7 |
2016 | 7 | 4 | 10 | 33 | 3 | 5 | 23 | 1 | 6 | 7 | |
Saudi Arabia
4) | 2015 | 15 | 25 | 8 | 20 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 6 | 2 |
2016 | 15 | 23 | 9 | 21 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 7 | 2 | |
South Africa
4) | 2015 | 19 | 5 | 16 | 32 | 7 | 3 | 9 | 2 | 7 | 0 |
2016 | 18 | 5 | 15 | 33 | 8 | 3 | 9 | 2 | 7 | 0 | |
Source: OECD, Education at a Glance
This table also appears in the Federal Report on Research and Innovation as Table 50.
Notes:
1) 2016 data excludes short-cycle tertiary graduates.
2) Excludes doctoral graduates.
3) The categories OECD/EU22 average represent those countries that were members of the OECD/EU in the respective year of reference.
4) The year specifications may differ from the years of reference. For a detailed specification see source.
m = data not available.
y = data included in other category.
Last update: December 2018
This work is licensed under a Data licence Germany attribution non-commercial 1.0.
(https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-nc-1-0)
(https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-nc-1-0)