Personnel, total | Of which in the Business enterprise sector 1) | Of which in the Higher education sector | Of which in the Government sector | |||
Category | Year | Sex | Number | |||
R&D personnel | 2001 | Total | 480,606 | 307,257 | 101,443 | 71,906 |
Female | 121,132 | 58,337 | 36,990 | 25,805 | ||
Male | 359,474 | 248,920 | 64,453 | 46,101 | ||
2002 | Total | 480,004 | 302,600 | 104,714 | 72,690 | |
Female | m | m | 38,063 | 26,221 | ||
Male | m | m | 66,651 | 46,469 | ||
2003 | Total | 472,532 | 298,072 | 100,593 | 73,867 | |
Female | 119,740 | 55,145 | 37,294 | 27,301 | ||
Male | 352,792 | 242,927 | 63,299 | 46,566 | ||
2004 | Total | 470,729 | 298,549 | 96,092 | 76,088 | |
Female | m | m | 44,167 | 28,634 | ||
Male | m | m | 51,925 | 47,454 | ||
2005 | Total | 475,278 | 304,502 | 94,522 | 76,254 | |
Female | 122,161 | 55,905 | 38,082 | 28,174 | ||
Male | 353,117 | 248,597 | 56,440 | 48,080 | ||
2006 | Total | 487,935 | 312,145 | 97,433 | 78,357 | |
Female | m | m | 40,110 | 29,388 | ||
Male | m | m | 57,323 | 48,969 | ||
2007 | Total | 506,450 | 321,853 | 103,953 | 80,644 | |
Female | 132,716 | 59,326 | 42,954 | 30,436 | ||
Male | 373,734 | 262,527 | 60,999 | 50,208 | ||
2008 | Total | 523,504 | 332,909 | 107,529 | 83,066 | |
Female | m | m | 45,270 | 31,623 | ||
Male | m | m | 62,259 | 51,443 | ||
2009 | Total | 534,975 | 332,491 | 115,851 | 86,633 | |
Female | 143,554 | 62,067 | 48,341 | 33,146 | ||
Male | 391,422 | 270,424 | 67,511 | 53,487 | ||
2010 | Total | 548,723 | 337,211 | 120,981 | 90,531 | |
Female | m | m | 50,220 | 35,201 | ||
Male | m | m | 70,761 | 55,330 | ||
2011 | Total | 575,100 | 357,129 | 124,308 | 93,663 | |
Female | 157,440 | 68,896 | 52,040 | 36,504 | ||
Male | 417,660 | 288,233 | 72,268 | 57,159 | ||
2012 | Total | 591,261 | 367,478 | 127,900 | 95,882 | |
Female | m | m | 53,753 | 37,618 | ||
Male | m | m | 74,148 | 58,264 | ||
2013 | Total | 588,615 | 360,375 | 130,079 | 98,161 | |
Female | 162,874 | 67,931 | 56,012 | 38,931 | ||
Male | 425,741 | 292,444 | 74,067 | 59,230 | ||
2014 | Total | 605,253 | 371,706 | 132,542 | 101,005 | |
Female | m | m | 57,078 | 40,493 | ||
Male | m | m | 75,463 | 60,512 | ||
2015 | Total | 640,515 | 404,767 | 134,032 | 101,717 | |
Female | 174,462 | 75,372 | 58,200 | 40,891 | ||
Male | 466,053 | 329,395 | 75,832 | 60,826 | ||
2016 | Total | 657,894 | 413,027 | 141,661 | 103,206 | |
Female | m | m | 60,640 | 41,748 | ||
Male | m | m | 81,021 | 61,457 | ||
2017 | Total | 686,349 | 436,571 | 143,753 | 106,025 | |
Female | 185,881 | 81,148 | 61,572 | 43,160 | ||
Male | 500,468 | 355,423 | 82,180 | 62,865 | ||
2018 | Total | 707,704 | 451,057 | 147,160 | 109,487 | |
Female | m | m | 63,634 | 44,888 | ||
Male | m | m | 83,526 | 64,598 | ||
2019 | Total | 735,584 | 475,676 | 147,316 | 112,592 | |
Female | 198,483 | 88,177 | 64,054 | 46,252 | ||
Male | 537,101 | 387,499 | 83,261 | 66,341 | ||
2020 | Total | 733,831 | 467,444 | 151,692 | 114,695 | |
Female | m | m | 66,741 | 47,787 | ||
Male | m | m | 84,951 | 66,908 | ||
2021 | Total | 753,940 | 478,129 | 156,543 | 119,268 | |
Female | 210,676 | 90,460 | 70,411 | 49,805 | ||
Male | 543,264 | 387,669 | 86,132 | 69,463 | ||
2022 | Total | 785,420 | 505,253 | 159,261 | 120,907 | |
Female | m | m | 72,933 | 50,763 | ||
Male | m | m | 86,328 | 70,144 | ||
Of which researchers | 2001 | Total | 264,385 | 157,836 | 67,962 | 38,587 |
Female | 42,588 | 18,544 | 15,224 | 8,820 | ||
Male | 221,797 | 139,292 | 52,738 | 29,767 | ||
2002 | Total | 265,912 | 155,540 | 71,292 | 39,080 | |
Female | m | m | 16,367 | 9,176 | ||
Male | m | m | 54,925 | 29,904 | ||
2003 | Total | 268,942 | 161,980 | 68,243 | 38,719 | |
Female | 43,855 | 18,035 | 16,162 | 9,658 | ||
Male | 225,087 | 143,945 | 52,081 | 29,061 | ||
2004 | Total | 270,642 | 162,232 | 65,764 | 42,646 | |
Female | m | m | 20,209 | 11,166 | ||
Male | m | m | 45,555 | 31,480 | ||
2005 | Total | 272,148 | 166,874 | 65,363 | 39,911 | |
Female | 46,937 | 18,284 | 18,273 | 10,380 | ||
Male | 225,211 | 148,590 | 47,090 | 29,531 | ||
2006 | Total | 279,822 | 171,063 | 67,273 | 41,486 | |
Female | m | m | 19,990 | 11,191 | ||
Male | m | m | 47,283 | 30,295 | ||
2007 | Total | 290,855 | 174,309 | 72,985 | 43,561 | |
Female | 55,405 | 20,846 | 22,458 | 12,101 | ||
Male | 235,450 | 153,463 | 50,527 | 31,460 | ||
2008 | Total | 302,643 | 180,297 | 77,004 | 45,342 | |
Female | m | m | 24,588 | 13,001 | ||
Male | m | m | 52,416 | 32,341 | ||
2009 | Total | 317,307 | 183,214 | 84,852 | 49,241 | |
Female | 65,258 | 22,961 | 27,548 | 14,749 | ||
Male | 252,049 | 160,253 | 57,304 | 34,492 | ||
2010 | Total | 327,996 | 185,815 | 90,398 | 51,783 | |
Female | m | m | 29,871 | 15,779 | ||
Male | m | m | 60,527 | 36,004 | ||
2011 | Total | 338,692 | 190,696 | 93,811 | 54,185 | |
Female | 74,766 | 26,485 | 31,585 | 16,696 | ||
Male | 263,925 | 164,211 | 62,225 | 37,489 | ||
2012 | Total | 352,419 | 199,623 | 97,199 | 55,597 | |
Female | m | m | 33,181 | 17,571 | ||
Male | m | m | 64,018 | 38,026 | ||
2013 | Total | 354,463 | 198,585 | 99,123 | 56,755 | |
Female | 80,353 | 27,136 | 35,064 | 18,153 | ||
Male | 274,110 | 171,449 | 64,059 | 38,602 | ||
2014 | Total | 351,923 | 198,076 | 100,992 | 52,854 | |
Female | m | m | 35,759 | 16,881 | ||
Male | m | m | 65,234 | 35,973 | ||
2015 | Total | 387,982 | 230,823 | 103,148 | 54,011 | |
Female | 87,761 | 32,926 | 37,360 | 17,475 | ||
Male | 300,222 | 197,897 | 65,788 | 36,537 | ||
2016 | Total | 399,605 | 235,758 | 109,877 | 53,971 | |
Female | m | m | 39,380 | 17,576 | ||
Male | m | m | 70,497 | 36,395 | ||
2017 | Total | 419,617 | 252,759 | 112,143 | 54,715 | |
Female | 94,750 | 36,035 | 40,462 | 18,253 | ||
Male | 324,867 | 216,724 | 71,681 | 36,462 | ||
2018 | Total | 433,685 | 261,634 | 114,868 | 57,183 | |
Female | m | m | 42,040 | 19,426 | ||
Male | m | m | 72,828 | 37,757 | ||
2019 | Total | 450,697 | 276,964 | 114,512 | 59,221 | |
Female | 102,453 | 40,101 | 42,026 | 20,325 | ||
Male | 348,245 | 236,863 | 72,486 | 38,896 | ||
2020 | Total | 450,796 | 272,171 | 117,638 | 60,988 | |
Female | m | m | 43,851 | 21,345 | ||
Male | m | m | 73,787 | 39,643 | ||
2021 | Total | 461,645 | 277,043 | 120,901 | 63,701 | |
Female | 111,418 | 42,462 | 46,361 | 22,595 | ||
Male | 350,227 | 234,581 | 74,540 | 41,106 | ||
2022 | Total | 486,011 | 298,163 | 123,388 | 64,460 | |
Female | m | m | 48,639 | 23,201 | ||
Male | m | m | 74,749 | 41,259 |
Source: Federal Statistical Office, special evaluation; German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies, calculations; Stifterverband Wissenschaftsstatistik, special evaluation
This table also appears in the Federal Report on Research and Innovation as Table 16.
Notes:
1) In even-numbered years, the distribution to personnel groups is estimated, among other things, on the basis of the previous year. Rounding differences.
m = data not available.
Last update: January 28, 2025
This work is licensed under a Data licence Germany attribution 2.0.
(https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0)
(https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0)