Tab.1.4.1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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Science expenditure of the Federal Republic of Germany 1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,1995,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022
Source of funding,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros
1. Public budgets 2),28222,29908,31349,32083,32131,31509,31995,33218,33988,36150,38391,40102,41854,43453,46330,49151,50108,51428,53363,54680,57931,61612,64271,68462
1.1 Territorial authorities,27215,28500,29749,30411,30518,29723,30245,31472,32064,33984,36204,37865,39422,40922,43639,46029,46855,48470,50205,51487,54598,58438,60524,64397
   a) Federal Government 3),10383,10617,11222,11218,11218,10884,11148,11451,12255,13191,14462,15395,16390,17327,18939,18879,19610,20864,22484,22672,24240,25561,26719,28512
   b) Länder 4),16673,17695,18360,19000,19098,18637,18879,19820,19575,20487,21445,22155,22723,23304,24403,26839,26931,27274,27386,28438,29962,32424,33308,35426
   c) Communities,159,188,167,193,202,202,218,201,234,306,298,315,309,291,297,312,314,332,336,377,396,453,497,459
1.2 Non-profit research organizations 5),1007,1408,1600,1672,1613,1786,1750,1746,1924,2166,2187,2237,2432,2531,2691,3122,3253,2958,3158,3194,3333,3174,3747,4065
Key figure,Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%)
   The same as a percentage of total government expenditure 6),4.6,5,5.2,5.2,5.2,5.1,5.1,5.2,5.2,5.3,5.4,5.6,5.4,5.6,5.9,6.2,6.2,6.1,6.2,6.1,6.1,5.7,5.5,5.4
Source of funding,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros
2. Business enterprise sector 7),25050,34663,35445,36254,38410,38744,39929,42281,43769,46890,46019,47409,51448,54109,54569,58115,60940,61673,69066,72662,75288,70627,77601,83422
2.1 Business enterprises 8),24733,34333,35095,35904,38060,38394,39569,42281,43769,46890,46019,47409,51448,54109,54569,58115,60940,61673,69066,72662,75288,70627,77601,83422
2.2 Foundations and donations 9),317,330,350,350,350,350,360,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m
3. Public budgets and business enterprise sector,53272,64571,66794,68337,70541,70253,71924,75499,77757,83040,84410,87511,93302,97562,100899,107266,111048,113101,122429,127342,133219,132239,141872,151884
Key figure,Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%)
   The same as a percentage of GDP 10),2.8,3,3,3.1,3.1,3.1,3.1,3.1,3.1,3.2,3.4,3.3,3.4,3.5,3.5,3.6,3.6,3.5,3.7,3.7,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.8
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"Source: Federal Ministry of Education and Research, special evaluation; Federal Statistical Office, special evaluation; Stifterverband Wissenschaftsstatistik, special evaluation",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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Notes:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1) Expenditure for research, development, higher education teaching and other activities related to R&D.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"2) Länder, communities, and non-profit research organizations: actual figures up to 2011, provisional actual figures from 2012 to 2022; federal government: actual figures up to 2022.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
3) Discrepancies with regard to publications of the Federal Statistical Office result from surveys carried out by the BMBF.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"4) The science expenditure of the Länder are based on ""basic funds"" (""Grundmittel""), which are obtained by deducting direct income (especially Länder income from patient care at university hospitals) from net expenditure.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
5) Expenditures financed through own revenues by institutes predominantly funded by the government.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"6) Net expenditure without social insurance. As of 1998, excluding hospitals and university clinics with commercial accounting procedures.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"7) Even-numbered years are estimated based on the previous year. Deviations compared to earlier publications, as data from 2006 onwards exclude foundations and donations.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"8) Data from surveys conducted by Stifterverband Wissenschaftsstatistik gGmbH; the expenditures financed by the business sector refer to the internal R&D expenditures of the business sector, with additional funds from the business sector flowing to other sectors (e.g., higher education, abroad).",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
9) Including the Volkswagen Foundation (estimated). Data from 2000 onwards are not comparable with previous years. The last survey was conducted in 2005.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"10) Status of gross domestic product calculations: August 2024 (ESA 2010, revision 2024).",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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m = data not available.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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"Results of the ICE-BMBF's ICE-Database of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (ICE = Information, Controlling, Entscheidung)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"A system of the German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies (DZHW), http://www.dzhw.eu/en/index_html",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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"Last update: January 27, 2025",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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This work is licensed under a Data licence Germany attribution 2.0.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
(https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,