1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
Structural data | 1,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Population
2) | 55,958 | 61,001 | 61,658 | 63,726 | 81,817 | 82,012 | 82,057 | 82,037 | 82,163 | 82,260 | 82,440 | 82,537 | 82,532 | 82,501 | 82,438 | 82,315 | 82,218 | 82,002 | 81,802 | 81,752 | 80,328 | 80,524 | 80,767 | 81,198 | 82,176 | 82,522 | 82,792 | 83,019 | 83,167 |
Male
2) | 26,328 | 29,072 | 29,481 | 30,851 | 39,825 | 39,955 | 39,992 | 40,004 | 40,091 | 40,157 | 40,275 | 40,345 | 40,356 | 40,354 | 40,340 | 40,301 | 40,274 | 40,184 | 40,104 | 40,112 | 39,230 | 39,381 | 39,557 | 39,835 | 40,514 | 40,697 | 40,844 | 40,967 | 41,038 |
Female
2) | 29,631 | 31,930 | 32,177 | 32,875 | 41,993 | 42,057 | 42,065 | 42,033 | 42,073 | 42,103 | 42,166 | 42,192 | 42,176 | 42,147 | 42,098 | 42,014 | 41,944 | 41,818 | 41,699 | 41,639 | 41,098 | 41,143 | 41,211 | 41,362 | 41,662 | 41,825 | 41,949 | 42,053 | 42,129 |
Foreigners
2) | m | 2,738 | 4,566 | 5,447 | 7,343 | 7,492 | 7,419 | 7,308 | 7,336 | 7,268 | 7,318 | 7,348 | 7,342 | 7,288 | 7,289 | 7,256 | 7,255 | 7,186 | 7,131 | 7,199 | 6,342 | 6,644 | 7,015 | 7,540 | 8,652 | 9,220 | 9,679 | 10,089 | 10,398 |
Live births | 1,262 | 1,048 | 866 | 906 | 765 | 796 | 812 | 785 | 771 | 767 | 734 | 719 | 707 | 706 | 686 | 673 | 685 | 683 | 665 | 678 | 663 | 674 | 682 | 715 | 738 | 792 | 785 | 788 | 778 |
Live births of foreigners
3) | 11 | 63 | 81 | 86 | 100 | 106 | 107 | 100 | 95 | 50 | 44 | 41 | 39 | 36 | 30 | 29 | 31 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 39 | 52 | 68 | 97 | 98 | 105 | 106 |
Surplus of births (+) or deaths (-) | 385 | 72 | -87 | -16 | -119 | -87 | -48 | -67 | -76 | -72 | -94 | -122 | -147 | -113 | -144 | -149 | -142 | -162 | -189 | -181 | -190 | -196 | -212 | -153 | -188 | -119 | -147 | -167 | -161 |
Net immigration (+) or net emigration (-)
4) | 176 | 555 | 298 | 670 | 398 | 282 | 94 | 47 | 202 | 167 | 273 | 219 | 143 | 83 | 79 | 23 | 44 | -56 | -13 | 128 | 279 | 369 | 429 | 550 | 1,139 | 500 | 416 | 400 | 327 |
Employed persons
5) | 26,194 | 25,951 | 26,874 | 29,334 | 36,048 | 35,982 | 35,805 | 35,860 | 36,402 | 36,604 | 36,816 | 36,536 | 36,172 | 35,659 | 36,566 | 37,344 | 38,163 | 38,734 | 38,662 | 38,938 | 38,916 | 39,206 | 39,618 | 39,942 | 40,279 | 41,339 | 41,641 | 41,895 | 42,379 |
Male | 16,340 | 16,441 | 16,782 | 17,585 | 20,939 | 20,706 | 20,549 | 20,509 | 20,659 | 20,680 | 20,629 | 20,336 | 19,996 | 19,681 | 20,135 | 20,477 | 20,890 | 21,188 | 20,972 | 21,048 | 20,894 | 21,067 | 21,193 | 21,344 | 21,491 | 22,107 | 22,272 | 22,380 | 22,608 |
Female | 9,854 | 9,510 | 10,092 | 11,749 | 15,109 | 15,276 | 15,256 | 15,351 | 15,744 | 15,924 | 16,187 | 16,200 | 16,176 | 15,978 | 16,432 | 16,867 | 17,272 | 17,546 | 17,690 | 17,891 | 18,022 | 18,139 | 18,425 | 18,597 | 18,788 | 19,232 | 19,369 | 19,514 | 19,771 |
Employed foreigners, of which
6) | 279 | 1,807 | 2,018 | 1,775 | m | 2,120 | 2,044 | 2,030 | 1,839 | 1,899 | 1,949 | 1,930 | 1,813 | 1,739 | 1,712 | 1,739 | 1,788 | 1,854 | 1,830 | 1,879 | 2,019 | 2,193 | 2,341 | 2,563 | 2,829 | 3,134 | 3,470 | 3,848 | 4,153 |
Greeks | m | 230 | 132 | 103 | m | 115 | 110 | 109 | 106 | 109 | 110 | 107 | 99 | 93 | 90 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 85 | 85 | 90 | 100 | 109 | 117 | 124 | 131 | 138 | 145 | 149 |
Italians | m | 364 | 305 | 170 | m | 205 | 202 | 203 | 199 | 203 | 203 | 196 | 181 | 173 | 169 | 170 | 173 | 177 | 175 | 179 | 187 | 196 | 206 | 218 | 232 | 244 | 255 | 267 | 274 |
Portuguese | m | 40 | 59 | 42 | m | 52 | 52 | 52 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 46 | 43 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 44 | 47 | 51 | 53 | 56 | 58 | 60 | 61 | 62 |
Spaniards | m | 163 | 86 | 61 | m | 48 | 46 | 45 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 37 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 36 | 40 | 48 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 67 | 69 | 71 |
Turks | m | 323 | 578 | 598 | m | 581 | 564 | 569 | 521 | 543 | 548 | 531 | 491 | 466 | 451 | 453 | 468 | 484 | 466 | 475 | 495 | 501 | 499 | 503 | 510 | 516 | 527 | 539 | 542 |
Unemployed persons
7) | 271 | 149 | 889 | 1,883 | 3,612 | 3,965 | 4,384 | 4,281 | 4,100 | 3,890 | 3,853 | 4,061 | 4,377 | 4,381 | 4,861 | 4,487 | 3,761 | 3,259 | 3,415 | 3,239 | 2,976 | 2,897 | 2,950 | 2,898 | 2,795 | 2,691 | 2,533 | 2,340 | 2,267 |
Of which, female | m | m | 462 | 915 | 1,761 | 1,854 | 2,042 | 2,007 | 1,940 | 1,836 | 1,789 | 1,821 | 1,931 | 1,933 | 2,258 | 2,150 | 1,867 | 1,596 | 1,552 | 1,479 | 1,390 | 1,347 | 1,353 | 1,333 | 1,277 | 1,208 | 1,135 | 1,048 | 1,004 |
Unemployed persons without completed vocational training
8) | m | m | 444 | 808 | 1,374 | 1,511 | 1,630 | 1,531 | 1,482 | 1,396 | 1,386 | 1,396 | 1,446 | 1,462 | 1,872 | 1,804 | 1,534 | 1,337 | 1,430 | 1,340 | 1,282 | 1,215 | 1,284 | 1,303 | 1,294 | 1,263 | 1,157 | 1,202 | 1,181 |
Of which, female | m | m | 256 | 409 | 665 | 707 | 755 | 713 | 689 | 647 | 624 | 603 | 606 | 613 | 890 | 894 | 765 | 649 | 655 | 621 | 605 | 571 | 599 | 611 | 602 | 576 | 524 | 539 | 525 |
Unemployed persons with in-company/school training
8) | m | m | 337 | 800 | 1,941 | 2,130 | 2,452 | 2,236 | 2,263 | 2,114 | 2,176 | 2,322 | 2,507 | 2,549 | 2,517 | 2,209 | 1,817 | 1,569 | 1,688 | 1,575 | 1,389 | 1,307 | 1,359 | 1,327 | 1,240 | 1,137 | 1,028 | 926 | 877 |
Of which, female | m | m | 180 | 390 | 1,005 | 1,058 | 1,235 | 1,120 | 1,153 | 1,059 | 1,074 | 1,105 | 1,190 | 1,209 | 1,211 | 1,112 | 942 | 805 | 752 | 702 | 637 | 595 | 607 | 595 | 552 | 501 | 453 | 408 | 379 |
Unemployed persons with university of applied sciences degree
8) | m | m | 14 | 34 | 60 | 59 | 64 | 56 | 55 | 49 | 53 | 73 | 87 | 90 | 88 | 76 | 62 | 56 | 67 | 74 | 68 | 66 | 72 | 75 | 75 | 71 | 69 | 65 | 65 |
Of which, female | m | m | 5 | 15 | 21 | 20 | 22 | 20 | 21 | 19 | 22 | 30 | 37 | 39 | 39 | 33 | 30 | 26 | 29 | 32 | 30 | 30 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 29 |
Unemployed persons with university degree
8) | m | m | 28 | 86 | 146 | 148 | 163 | 142 | 142 | 126 | 127 | 151 | 166 | 164 | 169 | 148 | 131 | 119 | 97 | 104 | 101 | 104 | 119 | 127 | 127 | 122 | 119 | 114 | 115 |
Of which, female | m | m | 13 | 44 | 66 | 67 | 75 | 66 | 67 | 60 | 61 | 71 | 78 | 79 | 84 | 76 | 68 | 66 | 49 | 52 | 51 | 53 | 60 | 64 | 63 | 60 | 58 | 56 | 57 |
Structural data | Share (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unemployment rate
9) | m | m | m | m | 9.4 | 10.4 | 11.4 | 11.1 | 10.5 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 11.7 | 10.8 | 9.0 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 5.0 |
Unemployment rate of persons without completed vocational training
10) | m | m | 5.9 | 13.3 | 21.9 | 24.2 | 26.9 | 25.8 | 23.4 | 22.2 | 22.1 | 22.6 | 23.5 | 24.6 | 26.0 | 24.0 | 22.1 | 20.1 | 21.9 | 20.7 | 19.8 | 19.7 | 20.0 | 19.9 | 20.3 | 19.1 | 17.9 | 17.4 | 17.0 |
Unemployment rate of persons with in-company/school training
10) | m | m | 2.1 | 4.0 | 7.4 | 8.1 | 9.3 | 8.5 | 8.7 | 8.1 | 8.3 | 8.8 | 9.6 | 9.9 | 9.7 | 8.5 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 3.3 |
Unemployment rate of persons with university of applied sciences degree
10) | m | m | 1.8 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.6 | m | m | m | 2.9 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.1 |
Unemployment rate of persons with university degree
10) | m | m | 1.9 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 3.9 | m | m | m | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
Structural data | 1,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pupils | 8,457 | 10,976 | 11,763 | 9,044 | 12,377 | 12,560 | 12,696 | 12,709 | 12,705 | 12,642 | 12,565 | 12,480 | 12,453 | 12,387 | 12,276 | 12,138 | 11,987 | 11,830 | 11,675 | 11,485 | 11,291 | 11,114 | 10,951 | 10,872 | 10,832 | 10,885 | 10,837 | 10,780 | 10,744 |
Male | m | m | 6,162 | 4,724 | 6,412 | 6,494 | 6,558 | 6,555 | 6,559 | 6,526 | 6,493 | 6,449 | 6,436 | 6,408 | 6,353 | 6,284 | 6,210 | 6,128 | 6,048 | 5,955 | 5,862 | 5,777 | 5,698 | 5,661 | 5,652 | 5,709 | 5,690 | 5,655 | 5,632 |
Female | m | m | 5,600 | 4,320 | 5,965 | 6,066 | 6,138 | 6,153 | 6,146 | 6,116 | 6,071 | 6,031 | 6,016 | 5,980 | 5,923 | 5,854 | 5,777 | 5,701 | 5,627 | 5,530 | 5,429 | 5,337 | 5,253 | 5,211 | 5,180 | 5,175 | 5,147 | 5,125 | 5,112 |
Foreigners | m | 187 | 747 | 966 | 1,146 | 1,174 | 1,179 | 1,157 | 1,160 | 1,155 | 1,156 | 1,156 | 1,156 | 1,143 | 1,118 | 1,085 | 1,042 | 1,002 | 969 | 933 | 872 | 835 | 818 | 833 | 912 | 1,098 | 1,167 | 1,216 | 1,269 |
Of which, pupils at general schools | 6,669 | 8,992 | 9,186 | 6,882 | 9,931 | 10,070 | 10,146 | 10,108 | 10,048 | 9,960 | 9,870 | 9,780 | 9,727 | 9,625 | 9,505 | 9,356 | 9,184 | 9,024 | 8,906 | 8,797 | 8,678 | 8,557 | 8,420 | 8,367 | 8,335 | 8,370 | 8,347 | 8,330 | 8,327 |
Male | m | m | 4,704 | 3,521 | 5,054 | 5,124 | 5,162 | 5,138 | 5,110 | 5,063 | 5,017 | 4,970 | 4,942 | 4,890 | 4,828 | 4,753 | 4,666 | 4,586 | 4,530 | 4,479 | 4,423 | 4,366 | 4,300 | 4,273 | 4,260 | 4,288 | 4,271 | 4,258 | 4,252 |
Female | m | m | 4,482 | 3,360 | 4,877 | 4,946 | 4,985 | 4,970 | 4,938 | 4,898 | 4,854 | 4,811 | 4,785 | 4,735 | 4,677 | 4,603 | 4,518 | 4,438 | 4,376 | 4,318 | 4,255 | 4,191 | 4,120 | 4,093 | 4,075 | 4,082 | 4,076 | 4,072 | 4,074 |
New entrants | m | m | 636 | 656 | 953 | 954 | 940 | 870 | 836 | 812 | 781 | 806 | 844 | 821 | 822 | 793 | 773 | 735 | 726 | 707 | 711 | 688 | 690 | 711 | 704 | 721 | 725 | 728 | 733 |
Of which, pupils at vocational schools | 1,788 | 1,984 | 2,576 | 2,162 | 2,446 | 2,490 | 2,550 | 2,601 | 2,656 | 2,682 | 2,694 | 2,700 | 2,726 | 2,763 | 2,771 | 2,782 | 2,803 | 2,806 | 2,769 | 2,688 | 2,612 | 2,557 | 2,531 | 2,506 | 2,497 | 2,515 | 2,490 | 2,450 | 2,417 |
Male | m | m | 1,458 | 1,203 | 1,357 | 1,370 | 1,396 | 1,418 | 1,449 | 1,463 | 1,476 | 1,479 | 1,494 | 1,518 | 1,525 | 1,531 | 1,544 | 1,543 | 1,518 | 1,476 | 1,439 | 1,412 | 1,398 | 1,388 | 1,392 | 1,422 | 1,419 | 1,397 | 1,379 |
Female | m | m | 1,118 | 960 | 1,088 | 1,121 | 1,154 | 1,183 | 1,208 | 1,218 | 1,218 | 1,221 | 1,231 | 1,245 | 1,246 | 1,251 | 1,258 | 1,263 | 1,251 | 1,212 | 1,173 | 1,146 | 1,133 | 1,118 | 1,105 | 1,093 | 1,071 | 1,053 | 1,038 |
Pupils at schools for nurses, midwives etc. | m | 65 | 97 | 97 | 115 | 124 | 122 | 121 | 116 | 113 | 112 | 113 | 118 | 120 | 121 | 123 | 124 | 124 | 128 | 132 | 135 | 149 | 150 | 153 | 153 | 155 | 154 | 157 | 165 |
Apprentices | 1,279 | 1,269 | 1,715 | 1,477 | 1,579 | 1,592 | 1,622 | 1,658 | 1,698 | 1,702 | 1,685 | 1,622 | 1,582 | 1,564 | 1,553 | 1,571 | 1,595 | 1,613 | 1,571 | 1,508 | 1,461 | 1,430 | 1,392 | 1,359 | 1,337 | 1,321 | 1,324 | 1,331 | 1,329 |
Male | 818 | 820 | 1,061 | 847 | 951 | 959 | 974 | 994 | 1,011 | 1,007 | 993 | 957 | 939 | 937 | 936 | 950 | 969 | 975 | 944 | 909 | 886 | 873 | 854 | 838 | 827 | 822 | 834 | 851 | 859 |
Female | 461 | 449 | 655 | 630 | 628 | 634 | 648 | 664 | 687 | 695 | 691 | 665 | 643 | 627 | 617 | 620 | 626 | 639 | 627 | 600 | 575 | 557 | 538 | 521 | 510 | 499 | 490 | 480 | 470 |
Foreigners | m | m | m | 98 | 121 | 116 | 110 | 104 | 101 | 97 | 92 | 85 | 79 | 72 | 68 | 66 | 69 | 73 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 83 | 87 | 96 | 113 | 131 | 143 |
Apprentices with new training contracts | m | m | 670 | 538 | 579 | 579 | 598 | 612 | 636 | 623 | 610 | 568 | 564 | 572 | 559 | 581 | 624 | 608 | 561 | 559 | 566 | 549 | 526 | 518 | 517 | 510 | 516 | 522 | 513 |
Students at higher education | 247 | 422 | 1,036 | 1,579 | 1,858 | 1,838 | 1,824 | 1,801 | 1,774 | 1,799 | 1,869 | 1,939 | 2,020 | 1,964 | 1,986 | 1,979 | 1,942 | 2,026 | 2,121 | 2,218 | 2,381 | 2,499 | 2,617 | 2,699 | 2,758 | 2,807 | 2,845 | 2,868 | 2,891 |
Male | 181 | 292 | 656 | 974 | 1,083 | 1,055 | 1,030 | 1,000 | 970 | 970 | 995 | 1,021 | 1,062 | 1,026 | 1,037 | 1,033 | 1,015 | 1,058 | 1,106 | 1,158 | 1,255 | 1,314 | 1,372 | 1,409 | 1,434 | 1,454 | 1,465 | 1,466 | 1,465 |
Female | 66 | 130 | 380 | 605 | 775 | 783 | 794 | 801 | 804 | 829 | 873 | 919 | 958 | 937 | 949 | 947 | 927 | 968 | 1,015 | 1,060 | 1,126 | 1,185 | 1,245 | 1,290 | 1,324 | 1,353 | 1,380 | 1,402 | 1,426 |
Foreigners | 21 | 25 | 58 | 100 | 146 | 152 | 158 | 166 | 175 | 187 | 206 | 227 | 246 | 246 | 248 | 246 | 234 | 239 | 245 | 252 | 265 | 282 | 301 | 322 | 340 | 359 | 375 | 395 | 412 |
First-year students | 53 | 87 | 193 | 278 | 262 | 267 | 267 | 272 | 291 | 315 | 345 | 359 | 378 | 359 | 356 | 345 | 361 | 397 | 424 | 445 | 519 | 495 | 509 | 505 | 507 | 510 | 513 | 512 | 509 |
Foreign first-year students | 5 | 5 | 13 | 24 | 37 | 38 | 40 | 44 | 50 | 55 | 64 | 69 | 71 | 68 | 66 | 63 | 64 | 70 | 74 | 80 | 88 | 95 | 102 | 109 | 115 | 118 | 122 | 126 | 125 |
School graduates/school-leavers from full-time schools
11) | 469 | 489 | 501 | 254 | 308 | 316 | 322 | 324 | 323 | 321 | 325 | 324 | 330 | 328 | 316 | 313 | 299 | 275 | 250 | 233 | 218 | 205 | 198 | 194 | 187 | 188 | 187 | 187 | 185 |
With secondary general school certificate | 355 | 349 | 391 | 200 | 232 | 237 | 241 | 241 | 239 | 234 | 236 | 239 | 246 | 246 | 238 | 237 | 229 | 210 | 192 | 180 | 169 | 157 | 151 | 147 | 140 | 139 | 134 | 134 | 132 |
Without secondary general school certificate | 114 | 140 | 109 | 54 | 76 | 79 | 80 | 83 | 84 | 87 | 89 | 85 | 84 | 82 | 78 | 76 | 71 | 65 | 58 | 53 | 50 | 48 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 49 | 53 | 54 | 53 |
School graduates with intermediate school certificate
11) | 117 | 200 | 422 | 284 | 391 | 404 | 420 | 436 | 440 | 441 | 441 | 452 | 456 | 499 | 480 | 482 | 485 | 469 | 453 | 445 | 428 | 431 | 475 | 469 | 460 | 465 | 444 | 425 | 419 |
School graduates with higher education entrance qualification
11) | 57 | 92 | 222 | 275 | 308 | 315 | 323 | 330 | 340 | 348 | 343 | 362 | 369 | 387 | 400 | 415 | 434 | 442 | 449 | 457 | 505 | 500 | 476 | 435 | 445 | 454 | 441 | 433 | 419 |
Apprentices who passed final examinations | m | m | 568 | 532 | 503 | 488 | 483 | 487 | 491 | 503 | 514 | 513 | 504 | 493 | 478 | 480 | m | 455 | 469 | 479 | 477 | 445 | 430 | 424 | 415 | 400 | 393 | 387 | 383 |
Higher education graduates | 48 | 87 | 124 | 166 | 230 | 237 | 237 | 228 | 222 | 214 | 208 | 209 | 218 | 231 | 252 | 266 | 286 | 309 | 339 | 362 | 392 | 413 | 436 | 461 | 482 | 492 | 502 | 499 | 512 |
Teachers at all schools | 264 | 389 | 557 | 542 | 778 | 780 | 783 | 786 | 782 | 785 | 789 | 792 | 796 | 793 | 790 | 792 | 789 | 788 | 795 | 798 | 794 | 789 | 787 | 786 | 790 | 799 | 805 | 811 | 818 |
Of which, teachers at general schools | 224 | 339 | 478 | 458 | 670 | 672 | 668 | 669 | 669 | 672 | 674 | 675 | 677 | 672 | 668 | 668 | 665 | 664 | 671 | 673 | 670 | 666 | 665 | 664 | 668 | 674 | 679 | 686 | 694 |
Of which, teachers at vocational schools | 39 | 51 | 79 | 84 | 108 | 109 | 115 | 117 | 113 | 113 | 115 | 117 | 119 | 121 | 122 | 124 | 124 | 123 | 124 | 125 | 124 | 123 | 122 | 122 | 123 | 125 | 126 | 125 | 125 |
Teachers at higher education
12) | m | m | 85 | 109 | 152 | 154 | 154 | 156 | 157 | 157 | 160 | 164 | 166 | 165 | 166 | 169 | 175 | 185 | 199 | 211 | 218 | 225 | 233 | 236 | 239 | 242 | 250 | 256 | 261 |
Of which, teachers at universities | m | m | 76 | 98 | 136 | 138 | 137 | 139 | 139 | 139 | 142 | 145 | 146 | 144 | 145 | 149 | 154 | 163 | 174 | 183 | 188 | 194 | 200 | 202 | 204 | 207 | 212 | 216 | 220 |
Of which, teachers at universities of applied sciences | m | m | 9 | 11 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 25 | 27 | 29 | 31 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 38 | 40 | 41 |
Other higher education staff
12) | m | m | 161 | 205 | 268 | 266 | 266 | 265 | 267 | 265 | 265 | 266 | 265 | 260 | 254 | 251 | 255 | 259 | 268 | 274 | 279 | 283 | 288 | 289 | 295 | 300 | 304 | 311 | 325 |
Structural data | Number | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Student-teacher ratio at general schools | 30 | 27 | 19 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
Student-teacher ratio at vocational schools | 45 | 39 | 33 | 26 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 19 |
Students per teacher at universities | m | m | 11 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 |
Students per teacher at universities of applied sciences | m | m | 22 | 34 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 28 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 26 |
Structural data | 1,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Full-time staff in the public sector
13) | m | m | m | m | 4,303 | 4,207 | 4,085 | 3,953 | 3,805 | 3,697 | 3,582 | 3,521 | 3,439 | 3,327 | 3,238 | 3,195 | 3,144 | 3,106 | 3,121 | 3,107 | 3,119 | 3,120 | 3,144 | 3,162 | 3,159 | 3,186 | 3,207 | 3,232 | 3,269 |
At federal level | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | 555 | 537 | 524 | 515 | 508 | 496 | 487 | 482 | 469 | 466 | 461 | 458 | 449 | 442 | 437 | 432 | 433 | 437 | 439 | 444 |
At Länder level | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | 1,805 | 1,752 | 1,736 | 1,714 | 1,675 | 1,610 | 1,588 | 1,563 | 1,553 | 1,562 | 1,568 | 1,584 | 1,583 | 1,598 | 1,607 | 1,604 | 1,614 | 1,624 | 1,637 | 1,657 |
At local government level | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | 1,066 | 1,024 | 996 | 953 | 901 | 872 | 855 | 838 | 827 | 834 | 820 | 828 | 841 | 856 | 871 | 878 | 894 | 906 | 919 | 936 |
Part-time staff in the public sector
13) | m | m | m | m | 1,068 | 1,069 | 1,079 | 1,116 | 1,164 | 1,212 | 1,238 | 1,288 | 1,340 | 1,343 | 1,362 | 1,381 | 1,397 | 1,399 | 1,427 | 1,479 | 1,484 | 1,498 | 1,492 | 1,490 | 1,487 | 1,504 | 1,533 | 1,571 | 1,616 |
At federal level | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | 43 | 46 | 50 | 58 | 61 | 65 | 68 | 69 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 67 | 65 | 62 | 60 | 58 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 58 |
At Länder level | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | 586 | 600 | 634 | 659 | 673 | 688 | 699 | 710 | 710 | 722 | 750 | 753 | 764 | 756 | 750 | 743 | 750 | 765 | 783 | 803 |
At local government level | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | 506 | 512 | 517 | 527 | 510 | 502 | 503 | 504 | 504 | 516 | 536 | 540 | 545 | 550 | 557 | 561 | 570 | 581 | 599 | 621 |
Structural data | Billions of euros | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total public expenditure
14) | 33 | 100 | 379 | 585 | 951 | 963 | 922 | 933 | 951 | 961 | 975 | 993 | 1,003 | 993 | 1,002 | 1,005 | 1,018 | 1,056 | 1,113 | 1,142 | 1,167 | 1,182 | 1,204 | 1,237 | 1,273 | 1,326 | 1,368 | 1,429 | 1,497 |
Federal Government | 16 | 45 | 111 | 159 | 250 | 252 | 246 | 262 | 271 | 266 | 268 | 281 | 281 | 274 | 281 | 283 | 293 | 305 | 317 | 355 | 364 | 356 | 349 | 345 | 341 | 363 | 376 | 386 | 397 |
Länder governments | 13 | 39 | 107 | 153 | 250 | 257 | 243 | 245 | 246 | 251 | 256 | 258 | 260 | 257 | 260 | 260 | 266 | 276 | 287 | 307 | 319 | 325 | 330 | 341 | 355 | 371 | 383 | 399 | 417 |
Local governments | 8 | 29 | 74 | 107 | 174 | 171 | 144 | 143 | 144 | 146 | 148 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 153 | 157 | 162 | 168 | 178 | 191 | 195 | 197 | 205 | 215 | 228 | 242 | 248 | 260 | 277 |
Expenditure on staff | 9 | 31 | 88 | 127 | 200 | 202 | 178 | 178 | 181 | 182 | 183 | 187 | 188 | 187 | 186 | 184 | 191 | 196 | 203 | 224 | 229 | 236 | 243 | 255 | 263 | 271 | 282 | 294 | 308 |
Federal Government | 2 | 7 | 16 | 22 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 42 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 46 | 48 | 49 | 51 | 52 | 54 |
Länder governments | 5 | 16 | 45 | 64 | 98 | 100 | 91 | 92 | 94 | 95 | 95 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 97 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 100 | 115 | 119 | 122 | 126 | 131 | 135 | 139 | 145 | 151 | 159 |
Local governments | 2 | 8 | 22 | 33 | 54 | 54 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 44 | 49 | 51 | 53 | 55 | 58 | 61 | 63 | 66 | 69 | 73 |
Structural data | Millions of euros | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Public expenditure on education
15) | 5,805 | 14,193 | 33,910 | 41,916 | 75,944 | 77,231 | 77,270 | 77,305 | 78,776 | 79,264 | 81,576 | 84,909 | 85,666 | 85,762 | 86,716 | 89,188 | 92,362 | 93,717 | 99,925 | 106,219 | 109,978 | 112,163 | 116,951 | 121,598 | 124,015 | 129,134 | 135,133 | 141,262 | 150,110 |
For schools
15) | 4,138 | 8,726 | 22,866 | 27,728 | 44,495 | 45,154 | 45,312 | 45,616 | 46,306 | 46,723 | 47,876 | 49,409 | 49,583 | 50,116 | 50,197 | 51,409 | 51,917 | 52,752 | 55,743 | 59,059 | 59,944 | 58,838 | 60,157 | 61,782 | 62,788 | 64,274 | 66,546 | 69,629 | 73,837 |
Länder governments | 2,596 | 5,840 | 17,268 | 22,055 | 35,378 | 36,315 | 36,687 | 36,977 | 37,564 | 37,887 | 38,386 | 39,922 | 40,106 | 40,237 | 39,833 | 40,080 | 40,290 | 41,603 | 43,275 | 44,605 | 45,434 | 48,308 | 49,466 | 50,547 | 51,655 | 52,380 | 54,228 | 56,269 | 59,767 |
Local governments | 1,616 | 2,872 | 5,578 | 5,668 | 9,115 | 8,839 | 8,624 | 8,638 | 8,740 | 8,834 | 9,309 | 9,402 | 9,391 | 9,267 | 9,078 | 9,581 | 9,750 | 10,005 | 10,408 | 11,124 | 10,542 | 10,525 | 10,687 | 11,196 | 11,090 | 11,860 | 12,273 | 13,304 | 14,022 |
1,667 | 3,514 | 7,155 | 10,570 | 16,228 | 16,684 | 16,591 | 16,573 | 16,984 | 17,243 | 17,879 | 18,779 | 18,809 | 18,132 | 18,417 | 19,374 | 19,304 | 20,235 | 21,456 | 22,527 | 23,809 | 24,680 | 26,702 | 27,943 | 28,675 | 29,843 | 30,501 | 30,618 | 32,134 | |
Federal Government | 141 | 504 | 663 | 1,014 | 1,770 | 1,757 | 1,748 | 1,758 | 1,897 | 1,936 | 2,080 | 2,128 | 2,134 | 1,827 | 1,843 | 1,893 | 2,128 | 2,412 | 2,764 | 3,224 | 3,826 | 3,977 | 4,907 | 4,967 | 5,030 | 5,491 | 5,794 | 5,261 | 5,371 |
Länder governments | 829 | 3,003 | 6,492 | 9,556 | 14,458 | 14,927 | 14,843 | 14,815 | 15,087 | 15,306 | 15,800 | 16,651 | 16,675 | 16,305 | 16,573 | 17,481 | 17,176 | 17,823 | 18,693 | 19,303 | 19,983 | 20,703 | 21,794 | 22,976 | 23,644 | 24,352 | 24,707 | 25,356 | 26,763 |
Tax revenue in cash terms | 35,100 | 78,000 | 186,579 | 281,040 | 415,839 | 409,318 | 407,638 | 425,812 | 453,116 | 467,413 | 446,284 | 441,714 | 442,221 | 442,973 | 452,380 | 488,531 | 538,170 | 561,427 | 524,079 | 530,673 | 573,372 | 600,214 | 619,515 | 643,496 | 673,525 | 705,712 | 734,695 | 776,379 | 799,390 |
Federal Government | 18,711 | 42,742 | 90,776 | 133,873 | 187,170 | 173,024 | 169,228 | 174,599 | 192,447 | 198,790 | 193,766 | 192,050 | 191,943 | 186,950 | 190,177 | 203,893 | 229,713 | 239,579 | 227,996 | 225,811 | 247,984 | 256,303 | 259,866 | 270,746 | 281,608 | 289,018 | 309,361 | 322,359 | 329,052 |
Länder governments | 10,978 | 25,811 | 64,154 | 97,793 | 159,880 | 167,815 | 167,721 | 175,952 | 184,003 | 189,493 | 178,690 | 178,552 | 177,618 | 179,888 | 180,457 | 195,116 | 213,591 | 221,522 | 207,119 | 210,052 | 224,291 | 236,344 | 244,206 | 254,276 | 267,939 | 288,674 | 298,414 | 314,058 | 324,517 |
Local governments | 4,378 | 9,326 | 26,229 | 38,155 | 48,335 | 48,310 | 49,356 | 53,649 | 56,381 | 57,297 | 54,096 | 52,552 | 51,735 | 56,495 | 60,036 | 67,381 | 72,616 | 77,245 | 68,463 | 70,443 | 76,633 | 81,251 | 84,342 | 87,488 | 93,040 | 98,747 | 105,237 | 111,374 | 114,899 |
Gross domestic product
17) | 154,770 | 360,600 | 788,520 | 1,306,680 | 1,894,610 | 1,921,380 | 1,961,150 | 2,014,420 | 2,059,480 | 2,109,090 | 2,172,540 | 2,198,120 | 2,211,570 | 2,262,520 | 2,288,310 | 2,385,080 | 2,499,550 | 2,546,490 | 2,445,730 | 2,564,400 | 2,693,560 | 2,745,310 | 2,811,350 | 2,927,430 | 3,026,180 | 3,134,740 | 3,259,860 | 3,356,410 | 3,449,050 |
Structural data | Euros | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total public expenditure per inhabitant
2) | 590 | 1,646 | 6,150 | 9,184 | 11,618 | 11,737 | 11,234 | 11,369 | 11,578 | 11,680 | 11,832 | 12,027 | 12,157 | 12,038 | 12,158 | 12,209 | 12,376 | 12,877 | 13,607 | 13,974 | 14,523 | 14,682 | 14,910 | 15,230 | 15,488 | 16,070 | 16,521 | 17,207 | 18,005 |
Public expenditure on education per inhabitant
2) | 103 | 233 | 551 | 663 | 930 | 943 | 942 | 942 | 960 | 964 | 991 | 1,029 | 1,038 | 1,040 | 1,052 | 1,083 | 1,123 | 1,141 | 1,220 | 1,299 | 1,369 | 1,393 | 1,448 | 1,498 | 1,509 | 1,565 | 1,632 | 1,702 | 1,805 |
Tax revenue in cash terms per inhabitant
2) | 627 | 1,279 | 3,026 | 4,410 | 5,083 | 4,991 | 4,968 | 5,190 | 5,515 | 5,682 | 5,413 | 5,352 | 5,358 | 5,369 | 5,488 | 5,935 | 6,546 | 6,846 | 6,407 | 6,491 | 7,138 | 7,454 | 7,670 | 7,925 | 8,196 | 8,552 | 8,874 | 9,352 | 9,612 |
Gross domestic product per inhabitant
18) | 2,792 | 5,945 | 12,808 | 20,658 | 23,302 | 23,585 | 24,060 | 24,733 | 25,294 | 25,892 | 26,651 | 26,945 | 27,120 | 27,776 | 28,134 | 29,383 | 30,862 | 31,530 | 30,388 | 31,942 | 33,554 | 34,135 | 34,860 | 36,149 | 37,046 | 38,067 | 39,438 | 40,485 | 41,508 |
Source: Federal Employment Agency (special evaluation, Sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigte nach Staatsangehörigkeiten und Geschlecht, Arbeitslosigkeit im Zeitverlauf); Federal Statistical Office (Regional Accounts VGRdL - Lange Reihen ab 1925, GENESIS-Online Datenbank: Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes, diverse Fachserien, Bildungsfinanzbericht, Statistisches Jahrbuch); Institute for Employment Research, Qualifikationsspezifische Arbeitslosenquoten; Working group "Regional Accounts", "Reihe 1, Länderergebnisse Band 1"
Notes:
1) Until 1990, former West Germany.
2) Until 2010, population data are based on past censuses. As of 2011, results of the population census (Bevölkerungsfortschreibung) are based on 2011 Census.
3) From 2013 to 2015, figures on children with foreign nationality are artificially inflated due to methodological reasons.
4) From 2008 to 2011, data are of limited comparability because of corrections in the register of residents. Due to methodological changes 2016 data are of limited comparability with the previous years; furthermore, over-coverage or under-coverage of the registration data on asylum seekers is possible.
5) Findings of the Microcensus. As of 2005, annual averages. As of 2011, calculated with data of the population census (Bevölkerungsfortschreibung) that is based on 2011 Census, comparability with the previous years is limited. As of 2017, population in private household without collective living quarters.
6) Results of counts of employed persons registered with the Federaly Employment Office. As of 1980, figures from statistics on employment covered by social security; as of 1999, revised data of the employment statistics; annual averages. As of 1996, survey reference day for each year is 30 June.
7) As of 2007, revised data due to a revision of the unemployment statistics.
8) Up to and including 2008, data are from the Institute for Employment Research. As of 2009, data are from the Federal Employment Agency. As of 2009, data are revised due to a revision of the unemployment statistics.
9) Referring to the total civilian labour force (excluding apprentices) of the same qualification.
10) According to calculations of the Institute for Employment Research. The figures differ from the unemployment statistics of the Federal Employment Agency because different basic values have been used. Referring to the total civilian labour force. As of 2011, revised data for employed persons based on 2011 Census.
11) General schools and vocational schools. As of 2013, the school part of the entrance qualification for universities of applied sciences is counted to the intermediate school certificate.
12) Staff in main professions only.
13) Findings of the statistics on public service personnel. Survey reference day for each year is 30 June. Including social insurance and the Federal Employment Agency; as of 2005, including company health insurance funds.
14) As of 1997, excluding hospitals and teaching hospitals which keep commercial accounts. Due to the new budgetary system, as of 2002, limited comparability with the previous years only. Until 2009, findings of the financial statistics (Rechnungsstatistik), as of 2010, quarterly cash results with extended group of respondents.
15) Basic funds excluding expenditure on pensions. From 2012 to 2019: preliminary ACTUAL.
16) Until 1997, including teaching hospitals which keep commercial accounts. As of 1998, expenditure including teaching hospitals, not including DFG and special research programmes.
17) Annual findings of the German Regional Accounts. Pursuant to the European System of Accounts (ESA) 2010, 2019 revision (the results were calculated back to 1995). Date of calculations: August 2020.
18) Inhabitants data in the regional accounts are annual averages. Until 2010, population data are based on past censuses. As of 2011, population data are based on 2011 Census.
m = data not available.
Last update: March 10, 2021