Tab.1.8.3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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Number of scientific publications per one million inhabitants,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021
Country,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants,Number per one million inhabitants
Belgium,421,863,928,956,1008,1032,1032,1062,1102,1176,1227,1304,1326,1413,1504,1570,1655,1715,1897,1972,2026,2067,2083,2174,2283,2524,2724
Bulgaria,186,188,202,201,198,195,193,201,202,215,231,230,300,306,314,286,295,310,308,305,312,331,376,337,361,415,456
Denmark,1285,1312,1412,1494,1498,1543,1558,1540,1616,1679,1740,1809,1873,1976,2074,2268,2475,2662,2827,3097,3305,3461,3566,3703,4001,4378,4618
Germany,694,745,796,838,858,863,862,870,878,911,952,977,1005,1052,1100,1142,1183,1226,1299,1318,1340,1367,1397,1424,1508,1639,1767
Estonia,268,348,357,403,438,407,452,448,484,544,588,630,771,820,924,1077,1122,1153,1322,1438,1367,1541,1510,1600,1838,1908,2155
Finland,1188,1265,1321,1386,1446,1493,1535,1521,1575,1622,1626,1735,1761,1836,1890,1942,2004,2069,2183,2367,2432,2502,2523,2610,2867,3128,3277
France,756,786,816,846,854,851,833,834,843,856,885,911,925,996,1021,1033,1046,1066,1105,1117,1128,1171,1175,1188,1234,1341,1384
Greece,329,367,388,430,439,489,522,567,603,681,736,841,903,955,986,989,999,1003,1018,1024,1024,1051,1062,1109,1227,1402,1604
Ireland,600,640,698,747,741,773,779,807,849,963,1047,1137,1200,1349,1458,1591,1661,1644,1728,1759,1780,1865,1925,2067,2238,2579,2829
Italy,479,516,538,556,570,592,613,630,681,706,731,764,811,858,894,912,940,984,1090,1092,1139,1193,1213,1274,1385,1710,1840
Croatia,221,241,230,259,272,300,301,326,356,380,426,451,572,692,776,823,921,891,847,820,822,900,923,1028,1121,1246,1508
Latvia,124,117,140,150,158,144,147,156,136,152,146,136,170,198,193,188,286,287,309,333,384,417,436,473,585,680,804
Lithuania,88,92,105,122,141,138,152,183,200,251,278,355,553,600,588,590,717,689,686,753,786,837,845,930,1101,1242,1359
Luxembourg,157,157,207,212,177,254,258,285,290,395,406,508,554,753,934,1097,1306,1377,1694,1949,1963,2086,2020,2304,2476,2693,3047
Malta,227,150,197,151,182,108,130,157,198,130,186,187,240,325,290,332,377,488,598,625,758,774,860,1020,1019,1114,1368
Netherlands,1160,1214,1236,1263,1253,1278,1261,1314,1366,1424,1532,1592,1654,1754,1889,2010,2074,2202,2313,2364,2434,2500,2524,2617,2799,3034,3210
Austria,714,777,858,885,933,953,1017,1018,1078,1119,1133,1158,1236,1319,1370,1463,1549,1595,1710,1771,1834,1906,1956,2017,2190,2456,2675
Poland,201,207,217,227,247,264,295,305,339,367,371,404,433,494,506,524,544,586,622,669,725,764,765,812,890,1048,1159
Portugal,174,197,225,248,305,329,358,399,441,494,522,637,627,747,836,914,1025,1152,1277,1330,1405,1478,1506,1574,1773,2054,2264
Romania,56,69,79,72,79,87,89,100,103,109,119,139,191,254,304,328,322,334,414,376,409,409,404,419,488,519,613
Sweden,1547,1623,1664,1731,1771,1777,1827,1831,1825,1881,1947,1995,2033,2077,2155,2227,2296,2438,2602,2706,2804,2924,2978,3062,3286,3515,3729
Slovak Republic,389,395,391,408,389,375,379,375,377,430,392,459,506,545,532,555,571,584,610,663,649,688,725,728,809,960,1045
Slovenia,417,469,550,569,693,827,812,856,943,930,1078,1106,1370,1607,1628,1679,1828,1886,1950,1920,1965,1973,1914,2019,2202,2459,2810
Spain,442,484,528,559,589,596,619,650,663,701,746,800,859,931,996,1049,1128,1191,1229,1273,1285,1327,1340,1392,1516,1746,1863
Czech Republic,340,381,402,401,427,440,460,495,524,579,594,670,729,798,838,902,932,992,1050,1159,1210,1262,1304,1341,1464,1618,1782
Hungary,319,333,364,390,399,426,430,436,464,461,503,519,531,588,571,541,598,633,663,707,729,751,766,804,877,955,1056
Cyprus,144,136,189,189,192,199,193,243,227,277,301,337,389,478,597,695,729,831,957,934,1019,1162,1332,1368,1549,1979,2262
EU average 1),583,608,628,650,662,674,673,681,700,722,748,781,812,860,890,912,941,969,1023,1036,1059,1078,1089,1115,1193,1307,1400
China,11,12,14,16,20,24,28,31,38,46,56,66,73,83,96,105,122,141,165,190,212,235,258,291,351,399,445
Japan,490,521,536,564,582,596,589,598,614,618,616,618,610,616,613,605,612,616,632,627,623,637,655,672,700,774,820
Korea,132,161,195,233,271,298,344,374,438,512,555,602,616,709,777,850,927,1008,1052,1106,1159,1207,1203,1227,1317,1466,1586
Switzerland,1675,1755,1859,1967,2042,2077,1992,2023,2148,2283,2344,2530,2601,2728,2872,2995,3190,3371,3530,3615,3762,4066,4119,4075,4281,4693,4995
United Kingdom,1245,1262,1269,1309,1332,1376,1323,1309,1333,1362,1399,1461,1512,1541,1586,1628,1663,1706,1781,1796,1891,1934,1996,2030,2179,2446,2537
United States,1033,1014,994,999,989,994,975,979,1004,1032,1056,1081,1092,1132,1149,1168,1187,1201,1237,1269,1302,1301,1336,1339,1411,1554,1553
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"Source: Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (""Data base: Science Citation Index, OECD and World Bank"", calculations)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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Notes:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1) Adjusted for double counts. The category EU average represents those countries that were members of the EU in the respective year of reference (as of 2020, EU countries does not include United Kingdom).",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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"Results of the ICE-BMBF's ICE-Database of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (ICE = Information, Controlling, Entscheidung)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"A system of the German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies (DZHW), http://www.dzhw.eu/en/index_html",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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"Last update: January 16, 2023",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,