1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |
Staat | Anzahl pro Mio. Einwohner/-innen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Belgien | 421 | 863 | 928 | 956 | 1.008 | 1.032 | 1.032 | 1.062 | 1.102 | 1.176 | 1.227 | 1.304 | 1.326 | 1.413 | 1.504 | 1.570 | 1.655 | 1.715 | 1.897 | 1.972 | 2.026 | 2.067 | 2.083 | 2.174 | 2.283 | 2.524 | 2.724 |
Bulgarien | 186 | 188 | 202 | 201 | 198 | 195 | 193 | 201 | 202 | 215 | 231 | 230 | 300 | 306 | 314 | 286 | 295 | 310 | 308 | 305 | 312 | 331 | 376 | 337 | 361 | 415 | 456 |
Dänemark | 1.285 | 1.312 | 1.412 | 1.494 | 1.498 | 1.543 | 1.558 | 1.540 | 1.616 | 1.679 | 1.740 | 1.809 | 1.873 | 1.976 | 2.074 | 2.268 | 2.475 | 2.662 | 2.827 | 3.097 | 3.305 | 3.461 | 3.566 | 3.703 | 4.001 | 4.378 | 4.618 |
Deutschland | 694 | 745 | 796 | 838 | 858 | 863 | 862 | 870 | 878 | 911 | 952 | 977 | 1.005 | 1.052 | 1.100 | 1.142 | 1.183 | 1.226 | 1.299 | 1.318 | 1.340 | 1.367 | 1.397 | 1.424 | 1.508 | 1.639 | 1.767 |
Estland | 268 | 348 | 357 | 403 | 438 | 407 | 452 | 448 | 484 | 544 | 588 | 630 | 771 | 820 | 924 | 1.077 | 1.122 | 1.153 | 1.322 | 1.438 | 1.367 | 1.541 | 1.510 | 1.600 | 1.838 | 1.908 | 2.155 |
Finnland | 1.188 | 1.265 | 1.321 | 1.386 | 1.446 | 1.493 | 1.535 | 1.521 | 1.575 | 1.622 | 1.626 | 1.735 | 1.761 | 1.836 | 1.890 | 1.942 | 2.004 | 2.069 | 2.183 | 2.367 | 2.432 | 2.502 | 2.523 | 2.610 | 2.867 | 3.128 | 3.277 |
Frankreich | 756 | 786 | 816 | 846 | 854 | 851 | 833 | 834 | 843 | 856 | 885 | 911 | 925 | 996 | 1.021 | 1.033 | 1.046 | 1.066 | 1.105 | 1.117 | 1.128 | 1.171 | 1.175 | 1.188 | 1.234 | 1.341 | 1.384 |
Griechenland | 329 | 367 | 388 | 430 | 439 | 489 | 522 | 567 | 603 | 681 | 736 | 841 | 903 | 955 | 986 | 989 | 999 | 1.003 | 1.018 | 1.024 | 1.024 | 1.051 | 1.062 | 1.109 | 1.227 | 1.402 | 1.604 |
Irland | 600 | 640 | 698 | 747 | 741 | 773 | 779 | 807 | 849 | 963 | 1.047 | 1.137 | 1.200 | 1.349 | 1.458 | 1.591 | 1.661 | 1.644 | 1.728 | 1.759 | 1.780 | 1.865 | 1.925 | 2.067 | 2.238 | 2.579 | 2.829 |
Italien | 479 | 516 | 538 | 556 | 570 | 592 | 613 | 630 | 681 | 706 | 731 | 764 | 811 | 858 | 894 | 912 | 940 | 984 | 1.090 | 1.092 | 1.139 | 1.193 | 1.213 | 1.274 | 1.385 | 1.710 | 1.840 |
Kroatien | 221 | 241 | 230 | 259 | 272 | 300 | 301 | 326 | 356 | 380 | 426 | 451 | 572 | 692 | 776 | 823 | 921 | 891 | 847 | 820 | 822 | 900 | 923 | 1.028 | 1.121 | 1.246 | 1.508 |
Lettland | 124 | 117 | 140 | 150 | 158 | 144 | 147 | 156 | 136 | 152 | 146 | 136 | 170 | 198 | 193 | 188 | 286 | 287 | 309 | 333 | 384 | 417 | 436 | 473 | 585 | 680 | 804 |
Litauen | 88 | 92 | 105 | 122 | 141 | 138 | 152 | 183 | 200 | 251 | 278 | 355 | 553 | 600 | 588 | 590 | 717 | 689 | 686 | 753 | 786 | 837 | 845 | 930 | 1.101 | 1.242 | 1.359 |
Luxemburg | 157 | 157 | 207 | 212 | 177 | 254 | 258 | 285 | 290 | 395 | 406 | 508 | 554 | 753 | 934 | 1.097 | 1.306 | 1.377 | 1.694 | 1.949 | 1.963 | 2.086 | 2.020 | 2.304 | 2.476 | 2.693 | 3.047 |
Malta | 227 | 150 | 197 | 151 | 182 | 108 | 130 | 157 | 198 | 130 | 186 | 187 | 240 | 325 | 290 | 332 | 377 | 488 | 598 | 625 | 758 | 774 | 860 | 1.020 | 1.019 | 1.114 | 1.368 |
Niederlande | 1.160 | 1.214 | 1.236 | 1.263 | 1.253 | 1.278 | 1.261 | 1.314 | 1.366 | 1.424 | 1.532 | 1.592 | 1.654 | 1.754 | 1.889 | 2.010 | 2.074 | 2.202 | 2.313 | 2.364 | 2.434 | 2.500 | 2.524 | 2.617 | 2.799 | 3.034 | 3.210 |
Österreich | 714 | 777 | 858 | 885 | 933 | 953 | 1.017 | 1.018 | 1.078 | 1.119 | 1.133 | 1.158 | 1.236 | 1.319 | 1.370 | 1.463 | 1.549 | 1.595 | 1.710 | 1.771 | 1.834 | 1.906 | 1.956 | 2.017 | 2.190 | 2.456 | 2.675 |
Polen | 201 | 207 | 217 | 227 | 247 | 264 | 295 | 305 | 339 | 367 | 371 | 404 | 433 | 494 | 506 | 524 | 544 | 586 | 622 | 669 | 725 | 764 | 765 | 812 | 890 | 1.048 | 1.159 |
Portugal | 174 | 197 | 225 | 248 | 305 | 329 | 358 | 399 | 441 | 494 | 522 | 637 | 627 | 747 | 836 | 914 | 1.025 | 1.152 | 1.277 | 1.330 | 1.405 | 1.478 | 1.506 | 1.574 | 1.773 | 2.054 | 2.264 |
Rumänien | 56 | 69 | 79 | 72 | 79 | 87 | 89 | 100 | 103 | 109 | 119 | 139 | 191 | 254 | 304 | 328 | 322 | 334 | 414 | 376 | 409 | 409 | 404 | 419 | 488 | 519 | 613 |
Schweden | 1.547 | 1.623 | 1.664 | 1.731 | 1.771 | 1.777 | 1.827 | 1.831 | 1.825 | 1.881 | 1.947 | 1.995 | 2.033 | 2.077 | 2.155 | 2.227 | 2.296 | 2.438 | 2.602 | 2.706 | 2.804 | 2.924 | 2.978 | 3.062 | 3.286 | 3.515 | 3.729 |
Slowakei | 389 | 395 | 391 | 408 | 389 | 375 | 379 | 375 | 377 | 430 | 392 | 459 | 506 | 545 | 532 | 555 | 571 | 584 | 610 | 663 | 649 | 688 | 725 | 728 | 809 | 960 | 1.045 |
Slowenien | 417 | 469 | 550 | 569 | 693 | 827 | 812 | 856 | 943 | 930 | 1.078 | 1.106 | 1.370 | 1.607 | 1.628 | 1.679 | 1.828 | 1.886 | 1.950 | 1.920 | 1.965 | 1.973 | 1.914 | 2.019 | 2.202 | 2.459 | 2.810 |
Spanien | 442 | 484 | 528 | 559 | 589 | 596 | 619 | 650 | 663 | 701 | 746 | 800 | 859 | 931 | 996 | 1.049 | 1.128 | 1.191 | 1.229 | 1.273 | 1.285 | 1.327 | 1.340 | 1.392 | 1.516 | 1.746 | 1.863 |
Tschechien | 340 | 381 | 402 | 401 | 427 | 440 | 460 | 495 | 524 | 579 | 594 | 670 | 729 | 798 | 838 | 902 | 932 | 992 | 1.050 | 1.159 | 1.210 | 1.262 | 1.304 | 1.341 | 1.464 | 1.618 | 1.782 |
Ungarn | 319 | 333 | 364 | 390 | 399 | 426 | 430 | 436 | 464 | 461 | 503 | 519 | 531 | 588 | 571 | 541 | 598 | 633 | 663 | 707 | 729 | 751 | 766 | 804 | 877 | 955 | 1.056 |
Zypern | 144 | 136 | 189 | 189 | 192 | 199 | 193 | 243 | 227 | 277 | 301 | 337 | 389 | 478 | 597 | 695 | 729 | 831 | 957 | 934 | 1.019 | 1.162 | 1.332 | 1.368 | 1.549 | 1.979 | 2.262 |
EU-Durchschnitt
1) | 583 | 608 | 628 | 650 | 662 | 674 | 673 | 681 | 700 | 722 | 748 | 781 | 812 | 860 | 890 | 912 | 941 | 969 | 1.023 | 1.036 | 1.059 | 1.078 | 1.089 | 1.115 | 1.193 | 1.307 | 1.400 |
China | 11 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 31 | 38 | 46 | 56 | 66 | 73 | 83 | 96 | 105 | 122 | 141 | 165 | 190 | 212 | 235 | 258 | 291 | 351 | 399 | 445 |
Japan | 490 | 521 | 536 | 564 | 582 | 596 | 589 | 598 | 614 | 618 | 616 | 618 | 610 | 616 | 613 | 605 | 612 | 616 | 632 | 627 | 623 | 637 | 655 | 672 | 700 | 774 | 820 |
Korea | 132 | 161 | 195 | 233 | 271 | 298 | 344 | 374 | 438 | 512 | 555 | 602 | 616 | 709 | 777 | 850 | 927 | 1.008 | 1.052 | 1.106 | 1.159 | 1.207 | 1.203 | 1.227 | 1.317 | 1.466 | 1.586 |
Schweiz | 1.675 | 1.755 | 1.859 | 1.967 | 2.042 | 2.077 | 1.992 | 2.023 | 2.148 | 2.283 | 2.344 | 2.530 | 2.601 | 2.728 | 2.872 | 2.995 | 3.190 | 3.371 | 3.530 | 3.615 | 3.762 | 4.066 | 4.119 | 4.075 | 4.281 | 4.693 | 4.995 |
Vereinigtes Königreich | 1.245 | 1.262 | 1.269 | 1.309 | 1.332 | 1.376 | 1.323 | 1.309 | 1.333 | 1.362 | 1.399 | 1.461 | 1.512 | 1.541 | 1.586 | 1.628 | 1.663 | 1.706 | 1.781 | 1.796 | 1.891 | 1.934 | 1.996 | 2.030 | 2.179 | 2.446 | 2.537 |
Vereinigte Staaten | 1.033 | 1.014 | 994 | 999 | 989 | 994 | 975 | 979 | 1.004 | 1.032 | 1.056 | 1.081 | 1.092 | 1.132 | 1.149 | 1.168 | 1.187 | 1.201 | 1.237 | 1.269 | 1.302 | 1.301 | 1.336 | 1.339 | 1.411 | 1.554 | 1.553 |
Quelle: Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ("Datenbasis: Science Citation Index, OECD und Weltbank", Berechnungen)
Anmerkungen:
1) Um Doppelzählungen bereinigt. Die Kategorie EU-Durchschnitt gibt den im jeweiligen Referenzjahr gültigen Stand der EU-Mitgliedschaft der Staaten wieder (ab 2020 EU-Staaten ohne Vereinigtes Königreich).
Letzte Aktualisierung: 16. Januar 2023